Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21596038›Full record

ReviewExperimental neurology2012

Plasticity in reflex pathways to the lower urinary tract following spinal cord injury.

William C de Groat, Naoki Yoshimura

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Experimental neurology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
79citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
7.0field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

79 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. A surgical and functional approach to the pelvic gross neuroanatomy of the female Yucatan minipig.Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Sprouting of afferent and efferent inputs to pelvic organs after spinal cord injury.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2023
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Sex Differences in Immune Cell Infiltration and Hematuria in SCI-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2023
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Review

19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

William C de GroatDepartment of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. wcd2@pitt.edu
Naoki Yoshimura
University of Pittsburgh · USUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center · US

Funding

AFFERENT MECHANISMS UNDERLYING BLADDER PAINR37DK049430 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI DEGROAT, WILLIAM C · 2000 to 2009
$3.0M
AFFERENT PLASTICITY UNDERLYING URETHRAL AND PELVIC PAINR01DK057267 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI YOSHIMURA, NAOKI · 1999 to 2010
$1.8M
Neuroplasticity of Urinary Tract Disorders after SCIR01DK077783 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI DEGROAT, WILLIAM C · 2007 to 2010
$1.2M
AFFERENT MECHANISMS UNDERLYING BLADDER PAINR01DK049430 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI DEGROAT, WILLIAM C · 1994 to 1998
–
NIDDK NIH HHS DK-049430NIDDK NIH HHS DK057267NIDDK NIH HHS DK-077783NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK049430NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK057267NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK077783NIDDK NIH HHS R37 DK049430
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The lower urinary tract has two main functions, storage and periodic expulsion of urine, that are regulated by a complex neural control system in the brain and lumbosacral spinal cord. This neural system coordinates the activity of two functional units in the lower urinary tract: (1) a reservoir (the urinary bladder) and (2) an outlet (consisting of bladder neck, urethra and striated muscles of the external urethra sphincter). During urine storage the outlet is closed and the bladder is quiescent to maintain a low intravesical pressure. During micturition the outlet relaxes and the bladder contracts to promote efficient release of urine. This reciprocal relationship between bladder and outlet is generated by reflex circuits some of which are under voluntary control. Experimental studies in animals indicate that the micturition reflex is mediated by a spinobulbospinal pathway passing through a coordination center (the pontine micturition center) located in the rostral brainstem. This reflex pathway is in turn modulated by higher centers in the cerebral cortex that are involved in the voluntary control of micturition. Spinal cord injury at cervical or thoracic levels disrupts voluntary control of voiding as well as the normal reflex pathways that coordinate bladder and sphincter function. Following spinal cord injury the bladder is initially areflexic but then becomes hyperreflexic due to the emergence of a spinal micturition reflex pathway. However the bladder does not empty efficiently because coordination between the bladder and urethral outlet is lost. Studies in animals indicate that dysfunction of the lower urinary tract after spinal cord injury is dependent in part on plasticity of bladder afferent pathways as well as reorganization of synaptic connections in the spinal cord. Reflex plasticity is associated with changes in the properties of ion channels and electrical excitability of afferent neurons and appears to be mediated in part by neurotrophic factors released in the spinal cord and/or the peripheral target organs.

Indexed as

AnimalsNeural PathwaysNeuronal PlasticityReflexSpinal CordSpinal Cord InjuriesUrinary TractUrination

Identifiers

PMID21596038
PMCPMC3580860
OpenAlexW2041592796

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.