Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21593422›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011

Structure-based approach to rationally design a chimeric protein for an effective vaccine against Group B Streptococcus infections.

Annalisa Nuccitelli, Roberta Cozzi, Louise J Gourlay, Danilo Donnarumma, Francesca Necchi, Nathalie Norais, John L Telford, Rino Rappuoli, Martino Bolognesi, Domenico Maione and 2 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
65citing papers in PubMed
14.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

65 citing papers in PubMed, 142 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Mechanisms and Manifestations of Group B Streptococcus Meningitis in Newborns.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2025
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  16. TheFrontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021
    Article
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  19. Significant shifts in the distribution of vaccine capsular polysaccharide types and rates of antimicrobial resistance of perinatal group B streptococci within the last decade in St. Petersburg, Russia.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2020
    Article
  20. Article

5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Annalisa NuccitelliNovartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Roberta Cozzi
Louise J Gourlay
Danilo Donnarumma
Francesca Necchi
Nathalie Norais
John L Telford
Rino Rappuoli
Martino Bolognesi
Domenico Maione
Guido Grandi
C Daniela Rinaudo
Novartis (Italy) · ITUniversity of Milan · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Structural vaccinology is an emerging strategy for the rational design of vaccine candidates. We successfully applied structural vaccinology to design a fully synthetic protein with multivalent protection activity. In Group B Streptococcus, cell-surface pili have aroused great interest because of their direct roles in virulence and importance as protective antigens. The backbone subunit of type 2a pilus (BP-2a) is present in six immunogenically different but structurally similar variants. We determined the 3D structure of one of the variants, and experimentally demonstrated that protective antibodies specifically recognize one of the four domains that comprise the protein. We therefore constructed a synthetic protein constituted by the protective domain of each one of the six variants and showed that the chimeric protein protects mice against the challenge with all of the type 2a pilus-carrying strains. This work demonstrates the power of structural vaccinology and will facilitate the development of an optimized, broadly protective pilus-based vaccine against Group B Streptococcus by combining the uniquely generated chimeric protein with protective pilin subunits from two other previously identified pilus types. In addition, this work describes a template procedure that can be followed to develop vaccines against other bacterial pathogens.

Indexed as

Protein EngineeringAnimalsBacterial VaccinesCrystallography, X-RayFemaleFimbriae, BacterialFimbriae ProteinsMiceModels, MolecularProtein ConformationProtein SubunitsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsStreptococcal InfectionsStreptococcus agalactiaeBacterial VaccinesFimbriae ProteinsProtein SubunitsRecombinant Fusion Proteins

Identifiers

PMID21593422
PMCPMC3121859
OpenAlexW2107712592

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.