Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21593410›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011

Forming giant vesicles with controlled membrane composition, asymmetry, and contents.

David L Richmond, Eva M Schmid, Sascha Martens, Jeanne C Stachowiak, Nicole Liska, Daniel A Fletcher

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
67citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

67 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Membrane-Associated Biomolecules for Synthetic Cell Signalling.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Mechanical performance of hybrid polymer-lipid vesicles with leaflet asymmetry engineered using microfluidics.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. SecYEG-mediated translocation in a model synthetic cell.Synthetic biology (Oxford, England) · 2024
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

David L RichmondGraduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Eva M Schmid
Sascha Martens
Jeanne C Stachowiak
Nicole Liska
Daniel A Fletcher

Funding

Mechanical Regulation of Actin NetworksR01GM074751 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI FLETCHER, DANIEL A · 2008 to 2015
$2.4M
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM074751
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Growing knowledge of the key molecular components involved in biological processes such as endocytosis, exocytosis, and motility has enabled direct testing of proposed mechanistic models by reconstitution. However, current techniques for building increasingly complex cellular structures and functions from purified components are limited in their ability to create conditions that emulate the physical and biochemical constraints of real cells. Here we present an integrated method for forming giant unilamellar vesicles with simultaneous control over (i) lipid composition and asymmetry, (ii) oriented membrane protein incorporation, and (iii) internal contents. As an application of this method, we constructed a synthetic system in which membrane proteins were delivered to the outside of giant vesicles, mimicking aspects of exocytosis. Using confocal fluorescence microscopy, we visualized small encapsulated vesicles docking and mixing membrane components with the giant vesicle membrane, resulting in exposure of previously encapsulated membrane proteins to the external environment. This method for creating giant vesicles can be used to test models of biological processes that depend on confined volume and complex membrane composition, and it may be useful in constructing functional systems for therapeutic and biomaterials applications.

Indexed as

AnimalsBiological TransportGreen Fluorescent ProteinsKineticsMembrane LipidsMembrane ProteinsMicrofluidicsMicroscopy, ConfocalModels, ChemicalModels, MolecularPhosphatidylcholinesPhosphatidylinositol 4,5-DiphosphatePorosityProtein BindingQa-SNARE ProteinsRats1,2-diphytanoylphosphatidylcholineGreen Fluorescent ProteinsMembrane LipidsMembrane ProteinsPhosphatidylcholinesPhosphatidylinositol 4,5-DiphosphateQa-SNARE ProteinsRhodaminesR-SNARE ProteinsSNARE ProteinstetramethylrhodamineUnilamellar Liposomes

Identifiers

PMID21593410
PMCPMC3111313

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.