ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2011
Rapid identification of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii, C. neoformans var. neoformans, and C. gattii by use of rapid biochemical tests, differential media, and DNA sequencing.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic potential and synergistic effects of antifungal and off target drugs against clinical isolates of Cryptococcus laurentii.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Plant amino acid analogues as antimicrobial agents.Amino acids · 2025Review
- Detection and Identification of Food-Borne Yeasts: An Overview of the Relevant Methods and Their Evolution.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- A Cyclam Salt as an Antifungal Agent: Interference withAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Distribution and Polymorphisms of Group I Introns in Mitochondrial Genes fromJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Multi-locus Sequence Typing and Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Cryptococcus neoformans Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Vajira Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.Mycopathologia · 2020Article
- Decreasing fluconazole susceptibility of clinical South African Cryptococcus neoformans isolates over a decade.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Mortality due to Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in low-income settings: an autopsy study.Scientific reports · 2019Observational
- Article
- Lack ofCurrent medical mycology · 2015Article
- Cryptococcus neoformans meningoencephalitis in a patient with polyarteritis nodosa.Folia microbiologica · 2014Article
- Update on fungal diagnostics.Current infectious disease reports · 2014Article
- False-positive reaction of L-canavanine glycine bromothymol blue medium with Candida famata.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2014Article
- Letter to the editor.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2014Article
- Article
- Skeletal cryptococcosis from 1977 to 2013.Frontiers in microbiology · 2014Review
- Cryptococcosis of lumbar vertebra in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and scleroderma: case report and literature review.BMC infectious diseases · 2013Article
- Recent Taxonomic Developments withCurrent fungal infection reports · 2012Article
- Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry-based method for discrimination between molecular types of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2012Article
- Cryptococcus gattii as an important fungal pathogen of western North America.Expert review of anti-infective therapy · 2012Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rapid identification of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii, Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans, and Cryptococcus gattii is imperative for facilitation of prompt treatment of cryptococcosis and for understanding the epidemiology of the disease. Our purpose was to evaluate a test algorithm incorporating commercial rapid biochemical tests, differential media, and DNA sequence analysis that will allow us to differentiate these taxa rapidly and accurately. We assessed 147 type, reference, and clinical isolates, including 6 other Cryptococcus spp. (10 isolates) and 14 other yeast species (24 isolates), using a 4-hour urea broth test (Remel), a 24-hour urea broth test (Becton Dickinson), a 4-hour caffeic acid disk test (Hardy Diagnostics and Remel), 40- to 44-hour growth assessment on l-canavanine glycine bromothymol blue (CGB) agar, and intergenic spacer (IGS) sequence analysis. All 123 Cryptococcus isolates hydrolyzed urea, along with 7 isolates of Rhodotorula and Trichosporon. Eighty-five of 86 C. neoformans (99%) and 26 of 27 C. gattii (96%) isolates had positive caffeic acid results, unlike the other cryptococci (0/10) and yeast species (0/24). Together, these two tests positively identified virtually all C. neoformans/C. gattii isolates (98%) within 4 h. CGB agar or IGS sequencing further differentiated these isolates within 48 h. On CGB, 25 of 27 (93%) C. gattii strains induced a blue color change, in contrast to 0 of 86 C. neoformans isolates. Neighbor-joining cluster analysis of IGS sequences differentiated C. neoformans var. grubii, C. neoformans var. neoformans, and C. gattii. Based on these results, we describe a rapid identification algorithm for use in a microbiology laboratory to distinguish clinically relevant Cryptococcus spp.
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