ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2011
The role of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase in lepromatous leprosy immunosuppression.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- An update on leprosy immunopathogenesis: systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase by Borrelia burgdorferi in human immune cells correlates with pathogenic potential.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2015Trial
- Increased frequency of CD4 and CD8 regulatory T cells in individuals under 15 years with multibacillary leprosy.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase: A Potential Biomarker for Neural Damage Severity of Leprosy Neuropathy.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Clinical Significance of Serum CCR2 and IDO1 in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Article
- High-Resolution Plasma Metabolomics Identifies Alterations in Fatty Acid, Energy, and Micronutrient Metabolism in Adults Across the Leprosy Spectrum.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Review
- Immunohistochemical Characterization of M1, M2, and M4 Macrophages in Leprosy Skin Lesions.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2022Review
- Increased Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) Activity and Inflammatory Responses during Chikungunya Virus Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Type I Interferon Pathway Is Upregulated in the Cutaneous Lesions and Blood of Multibacillary Leprosy Patients With Erythema Nodosum Leprosum.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Kynurenines in the Pathogenesis of Peripheral Neuropathy During Leprosy and COVID-19.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Mycobacterium leprae induces a tolerogenic profile in monocyte-derived dendritic cells via TLR2 induction of IDO.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2021Article
- Potential Role of CXCL10 in Monitoring Response to Treatment in Leprosy Patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Neutrophil NETworking in ENL: Potential as a Putative Biomarker: Future Insights.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Transcriptional profiling of human macrophages during infection withRNA biology · 2020Article
- New insights into the pathogenesis of leprosy: contribution of subversion of host cell metabolism to bacterial persistence, disease progression, and transmission.F1000Research · 2020Review
- Intracellular Pathogens: Host Immunity and Microbial Persistence Strategies.Journal of immunology research · 2019Review
- Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression regulates the survival and proliferation of Fusobacterium nucleatum in THP-1-derived macrophages.Cell death & disease · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To elucidate further the possible role of the tryptophan, rate-limiting enzyme indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) in leprosy, the distribution of IDO-positive cells and IDO activity in the skin biopsies and sera of these patients representing the entire spectrum of the disease were studied. An increased number of macrophages/dendritic cells (DC-lineage IDO(+) cells were found in lepromatous (LL) compared to tuberculoid (BT) and reversal reaction (RR) patients. IDO-positive cells showing CD68 and CD86 surface markers predominated in LL lesions, while higher levels of IDO activity were observed in the sera of LL versus BT patients. Tests revealed an increased IDO message in Mycobacterium leprae-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and increased IDO expression in M. leprae-stimulated CD14(+) cells of both healthy controls (HC) and LL patients, as evaluated via flow cytometry. Increased M. leprae-induced IDO-protein synthesis was also confirmed by Western blot. Based on our in vitro studies, it was confirmed that M. leprae up-regulated IDO expression and activity in HC and LL monocytes. Interferon (IFN)-γ synergized with M. leprae in promoting IDO expression and activity in monocytes. IDO expression induced by both IFN-γ and M. leprae was abrogated by 1-methyltryptophan (1-MT). Our data suggest that M. leprae chronic infection activates the suppressive molecule IDO which, in turn, contributes to the specific immunosuppression observed in LL leprosy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.