Trial reportBritish journal of cancer2011
Continuous low-dose cyclophosphamide and methotrexate combined with celecoxib for patients with advanced cancer.
Trial report in British journal of cancer, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of oral metronomic chemotherapy in the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma-a systematic review.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Pooled it
- Continuous, low-dose capecitabine for patients with recurrent colorectal cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2015Trial
- The Debate between the Human Microbiota and Immune System in Treating Aerodigestive and Digestive Tract Cancers: A Review.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Combination Strategies to Augment Immune Check Point Inhibitors Efficacy - Implications for Translational Research.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Metronomic Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Clinical Experience.Journal of oncology · 2019Review
- Explorative Analysis of Low-Dose Metronomic Chemotherapy with Cyclophosphamide and Methotrexate in a Cohort of Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients.Breast care (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Current achievements and future perspectives of metronomic chemotherapy.Investigational new drugs · 2017Review
- Combination of metronomic cyclophosphamide and dietary intervention inhibits neuroblastoma growth in a CD1-nu mouse model.Oncotarget · 2016Article
- Repurposing Drugs in Oncology (ReDO)-diclofenac as an anti-cancer agent.Ecancermedicalscience · 2016Article
- Metastatic primary duodenal adeno-carcinoma responding to metronomic oral cyclophosphamide chemotherapy.Indian journal of palliative care · 2014Article
- Metronomics: towards personalized chemotherapy?Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2014Review
- Celecoxib decreases growth and angiogenesis and promotes apoptosis in a tumor cell line resistant to chemotherapy.Biological research · 2014Article
- TLR agonists: our best frenemy in cancer immunotherapy.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2013Review
- Low-dose cyclophosphamide administered as daily or single dose enhances the antitumor effects of a therapeutic HPV vaccine.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2013Article
- Metronomic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate.British journal of cancer · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issuedKirichek, O [added]
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCombined therapy of metronomic cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and high-dose celecoxib targeting angiogenesis was used in a phase II trial.
methodsPatients with advanced cancer received oral cyclophosphamide 50 mg o.d., celecoxib 400 mg b.d. and methotrexate 2.5 mg b.d. for two consecutive days each week. Response was determined every 8 weeks; toxicity was evaluated according to CTC version 2.0. Plasma markers of inflammation, coagulation and angiogenesis were measured.
resultsSixty-seven of 69 patients were evaluable for response. Twenty-three patients had stable disease (SD) after 8 weeks, but there were no objective responses to therapy. Median time to progression was 57 days. There was a low incidence of toxicities. Among plasma markers, levels of tissue factor were higher in the SD group of patients at baseline, and levels of both angiopoietin-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 increased in the progressive disease group only. There were no changes in other plasma markers.
conclusionThis metronomic approach has negligible activity in advanced cancer albeit with minimal toxicity. Analysis of plasma markers indicates minimal effects on endothelium in this trial. These data for this particular regimen do not support basic tenets of metronomic chemotherapy, such as the ability to overcome resistant tumours by targeting the endothelium.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.