ArticleJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2011
Local transdermal delivery of phenylephrine to the anal sphincter muscle using microneedles.
Article in Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Skin Barrier-Informed Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery: Excipient-Driven Strategies, Vehicle Transformation, and Translational Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Microneedle-Mediated Transdermal Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Drug delivery device for the inner ear: ultra-sharp fully metallic microneedles.Drug delivery and translational research · 2021Article
- An update on coating/manufacturing techniques of microneedles.Drug delivery and translational research · 2018Review
- Immediate separation of microneedle tips from base array during skin insertion for instantaneous drug delivery.RSC advances · 2018Article
- Administration of a Sol-Gel Formulation of Phenylephrine Using Low-Temperature Hollow Microneedle for Treatment of Intermittent Fecal Incontinence.Pharmaceutical research · 2017Article
- Electrical stimulation structurally affects the tissues of the rectum and anus of nulliparous rats.Journal of anatomy · 2017Article
- Bleomycin-Coated Microneedles for Treatment of Warts.Pharmaceutical research · 2017Article
- Microfabrication for Drug Delivery.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Review
- Microneedles for drug delivery via the gastrointestinal tract.Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2015Article
- Microneedles for drug and vaccine delivery.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2012Review
- Protein encapsulation in polymeric microneedles by photolithography.International journal of nanomedicine · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We propose pretreatment using microneedles to increase perianal skin permeability for locally targeted delivery of phenylephrine (PE), a drug that increases resting anal sphincter pressure to treat fecal incontinence. Microneedle patches were fabricated by micromolding poly-lactic-acid. Pre-treatment of human cadaver skin with microneedles increased PE delivery across the skin by up to 10-fold in vitro. In vivo delivery was assessed in rats receiving treatment with or without use of microneedles and with or without PE. Resting anal sphincter pressure was then measured over time using water-perfused anorectal manometry. For rats pretreated with microneedles, topical application of 30% PE gel rapidly increased the mean resting anal sphincter pressure from 7±2 cm H(2)O to a peak value of 43±17 cm H(2)O after 1 h, which was significantly greater than rats receiving PE gel without microneedle pretreatment. Additional safety studies showed that topically applied green fluorescent protein-expressing E. coli penetrated skin pierced with 23- and 26-gauge hypodermic needles, but E. coli was not detected in skin pretreated with microneedles, which suggests that microneedle-treated skin may not be especially susceptible to infection. In conclusion, this study demonstrates local transdermal delivery of PE to the anal sphincter muscle using microneedles, which may provide a novel treatment for fecal incontinence.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.