ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011
Control of Toxoplasma reactivation by rescue of dysfunctional CD8+ T-cell response via PD-1-PDL-1 blockade.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blockade of Tim-3 pathway in a mouse model of Toxoplasmosis: impact on brain leukocyte infiltration, parasite burden, and neuroinflammation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- T cell exhaustion in parasitic infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Combined anti-PD-1 and amphotericin B therapy reduces fungal burden and enhances control of murine paracoccidioidomycosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Distinct transcriptomic and epigenomic responses of mature oligodendrocytes during disease progression in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.Nature neuroscience · 2025Article
- Toxoplasma gondii and the Brain: Frenemies? Or Just Outright Foes?Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2025Review
- Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of a RecombinantVaccines · 2025Article
- In a model of parasite-mediated exhaustion, stem-like CD8 T cells differentiate into an unconventional intermediate effector memory subset.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Recurrent ocular toxoplasmosis is associated with interferon-gamma deficiency possibly due to genetic origin.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Protective function and differentiation cues of brain-resident CD8+ T cells during surveillance of latentProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Genetic diversity and seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in COVID‑19 patients; a first case-control study in Iran.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- New Immunological Markers in Chromoblastomycosis-The Importance of PD-1 and PD-L1 Molecules in Human Infection.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A latent pathogen infection classification system that would significantly increase healthcare safety.Immunologic research · 2023Review
- Effects ofFood and waterborne parasitology · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Specific Cellular and Humoral Immune Response toBiomedicines · 2023Article
- Recent Advances in the Development of Adenovirus-Vectored Vaccines for Parasitic Infections.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A Lower Dose of Infection Generates a Better Long-Term Immune Response against Toxoplasma gondii.ImmunoHorizons · 2023Article
- Immunotherapy targeting the PD-1 pathway alleviates neuroinflammation caused by chronic Toxoplasma infection.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Review
- Impact of secondary TCR engagement on the heterogeneity of pathogen-specific CD8+ T cell response during acute and chronic toxoplasmosis.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In this study, we document that Toxoplasma gondii differentiation and reactivation are mediated by systemic CD8 T-cell dysfunction during chronic infection. We demonstrate that CD8(+) T-cell exhaustion occurs despite control of parasitemia during early-chronic toxoplasmosis. During later phases, these cells become exhausted, leading to parasite reactivation and mortality. Concomitant with increased CD8(+) T-cell apoptosis and decreased effector response, this dysfunction is characterized by a graded elevation in expression of inhibitory receptor PD-1 on these cells in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissue. Blockade of the PD-1-PDL-1 pathway reinvigorates this suboptimal CD8(+) T-cell response, resulting in control of parasite reactivation and prevention of mortality in chronically infected animals. To the best of our knowledge, this report is unique in showing that exposure to a persistent pathogen despite initial control of parasitemia can lead to CD8(+) T-cell dysfunction and parasite reactivation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.