ArticleInfection and immunity2011
Expression of the type 1 pneumococcal pilus is bistable and negatively regulated by the structural component RrgA.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pilus proteins from Streptococcus pyogenes stimulate innate immune responses through Toll-like receptor 2.Immunology and cell biology · 2022Article
- A Small Non-Coding RNA Modulates Expression of Pilus-1 Type inMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Genetics, Structure, and Function of Group A Streptococcal Pili.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Review
- Immune exclusion by naturally acquired secretory IgA against pneumococcal pilus-1.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Article
- Virulence-Associated Characteristics of Serotype 14 and Serogroup 9Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Phase Variation ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2019Article
- Expression of Adhesive Pili and the Collagen-Binding Adhesin Ace Is Activated by ArgR Family Transcription Factors in Enterococcus faecalis.Journal of bacteriology · 2018Article
- Expression of the lux genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae modulates pilus expression and virulence.PloS one · 2018Article
- Article
- The Pneumococcal Type 1 Pilus Genes Are Thermoregulated and Are Repressed by a Member of the Snf2 Protein Family.Journal of bacteriology · 2017Article
- Novel Molecular Insights about Lactobacillar Sortase-Dependent Piliation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- Association of Pneumococcal Protein Antigen Serology With Age and Antigenic Profile of Colonizing Isolates.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Observational
- The Dominance of Pilus Islet 1 in Pneumococcal Isolates Collected From Patients and Healthy Individuals.Jundishapur journal of microbiology · 2016Article
- Detection of lytA, pspC, and rrgA genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from healthy children.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2015Article
- Article
- Single cell stochastic regulation of pilus phase variation by an attenuation-like mechanism.PLoS pathogens · 2014Article
- Serotype-independent pneumococcal vaccines.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2013Review
- Panel 6: Vaccines.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2013Review
- Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 mediates inflammatory responses to oligomerized RrgA pneumococcal pilus type 1 protein.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2013Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The pneumococcal type 1 pilus, which is present in 25 to 30% of clinical isolates, has been associated with increased adherence and inflammatory responses and is being evaluated as a potential vaccine candidate. Here we show that expression of the pilus is bistable as a result of the molecular interaction between the transcription activator RrlA and a structural component of the pilus called RrgA. Sampling various clinical pneumococcal isolates that harbor the type 1 pilus-encoding islet, we show that distinct populations of cells can be identified with either undetectable or prominent pilus expression. When these two populations are separated and regrown in liquid medium, they are phenotypically different: the nonexpressing population reverts to the previous bimodal distribution, whereas the expressing population retains the same high level of pilus expression. Controlled exogenous expression of the regulatory pilus gene rlrA in a strain from which the endogenous version has been deleted increases pilus expression steadily, suggesting that the bistable expression of the pilus observed in wild-type cells is dependent on the native rlrA promoter. Finally, we demonstrate that RrgA is a negative regulator of pilus expression and that this repression is likely mediated through direct interaction with RlrA. We conclude that type 1 pilus expression in pneumococcus exhibits a bistable phenotype, which is dependent upon the molecular interplay between the RlrA and RrgA proteins. We suggest that this flexibility in expression may assist adaptation to a range of immune conditions, such as evasion of antipilus antibodies, within potential hosts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.