ArticlePloS one2011
In search of cellular immunophenotypes in the blood of children with autism.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 143 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship of immune cells with autism spectrum disorder: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Activation of the Monocyte/Macrophage System and Abnormal Blood Levels of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- In search of immune cellular sources of abnormal cytokines in the blood in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review of case-control studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Serum and cerebrospinal fluid immune mediators in children with autistic disorder: a longitudinal study.Molecular autism · 2017Trial
- Transplantation of human cord blood mononuclear cells and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in autism.Journal of translational medicine · 2013Trial
- Altered phenotype and gene expression of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in children with Autism, and the relationship with comorbid gastrointestinal symptoms.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Changes in peripheral immune cell phenotypes and their roles in autism: insights from clinical and animal model studies.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Immune profiling shows limited systemic changes in children with autism after autologous cord blood transfusion.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Altered Phenotype and Gene Expression of Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in Children with Autism, and the Relationship with Comorbid Gastrointestinal Symptoms.Research square · 2025Article
- Dysregulated phosphate metabolism in autism spectrum disorder: associations and insights for future research.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2023Review
- Assessment of a multisite standardized biospecimen collection protocol for immune phenotyping in neurodevelopmental disorders.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Candidate biomarkers from the integration of methylation and gene expression in discordant autistic sibling pairs.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- Review
- Natural IgG Anti-F (ab')Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Alterations of natural killer cells activatory molecules phenotype and function in mothers of ASD children: a pilot study.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Artificial intelligence and bioinformatics analyze markers of children's transcriptional genome to predict autism spectrum disorder.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders by Mitochondrial-targeted Drug: Future of Neurological Diseases Therapeutics.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- GC1f Vitamin D Binding Protein Isoform as a Marker of Severity in Autism Spectrum Disorders.Nutrients · 2022Article
- The Hepatic Mitochondrial Alterations Exacerbate Meta-Inflammation in Autism Spectrum Disorders.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Immune Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder: What Do We Know about It?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAutism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social behavior, communication difficulties and the occurrence of repetitive or stereotyped behaviors. There has been substantial evidence for dysregulation of the immune system in autism.
methodsWe evaluated differences in the number and phenotype of circulating blood cells in young children with autism (n = 70) compared with age-matched controls (n = 35). Children with a confirmed diagnosis of autism (4-6 years of age) were further subdivided into low (IQ<68, n = 35) or high functioning (IQ ≥ 68, n = 35) groups. Age- and gender-matched typically developing children constituted the control group. Six hundred and forty four primary and secondary variables, including cell counts and the abundance of cell surface antigens, were assessed using microvolume laser scanning cytometry.
resultsThere were multiple differences in immune cell populations between the autism and control groups. The absolute number of B cells per volume of blood was over 20% higher for children with autism and the absolute number of NK cells was about 40% higher. Neither of these variables showed significant difference between the low and high functioning autism groups. While the absolute number of T cells was not different across groups, a number of cellular activation markers, including HLA-DR and CD26 on T cells, and CD38 on B cells, were significantly higher in the autism group compared to controls.
conclusionsThese results support previous findings that immune dysfunction may occur in some children with autism. Further evaluation of the nature of the dysfunction and how it may play a role in the etiology of autism or in facets of autism neuropathology and/or behavior are needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.