ArticlePloS one2011
Deep sequencing reveals direct targets of gammaherpesvirus-induced mRNA decay and suggests that multiple mechanisms govern cellular transcript escape.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Omics-Level Approaches to Studying Gammaherpesvirus Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Herpesvirus-encoded lncRNA targets host splicing by interacting with splicing factors.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Heat shock factor 2 regulates oncogenic gamma-herpesvirus gene expression by remodeling the chromatin at the ORF50 and BZLF1 promoter.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Coronavirus endoribonuclease nsp15 suppresses host protein synthesis and evades PKR-eIF2α-mediated translation shutoff to ensure viral protein synthesis.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors in Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection and disease pathogenesis.Journal of medical virology · 2023Review
- Review
- Shiftless Restricts Viral Gene Expression and Influences RNA Granule Formation during Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lytic Replication.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- The Role of Viral RNA Degrading Factors in Shutoff of Host Gene Expression.Annual review of virology · 2022Review
- Review
- The mProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Dissecting Herpes Simplex Virus 1-Induced Host Shutoff at the RNA Level.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Inhibition of Host Gene Expression by KSHV: Sabotaging mRNA Stability and Nuclear Export.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- An Ancestral Retrovirus Envelope Protein Regulates Persistent Gammaherpesvirus Lifecycles.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Review
- The molecular virology of coronaviruses.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2020Review
- Global epigenomic analysis of KSHV-infected primary effusion lymphoma identifies functionalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Host shutoff activity of VHS and SOX-like proteins: role in viral survival and immune evasion.Virology journal · 2020Review
- Fine-tuning a blunt tool: Regulation of viral host shutoff RNases.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- RNA decay during gammaherpesvirus infection reduces RNA polymerase II occupancy of host promoters but spares viral promoters.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- KSHV activates unfolded protein response sensors but suppresses downstream transcriptional responses to support lytic replication.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
One characteristic of lytic infection with gammaherpesviruses, including Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and murine herpesvirus 68 (MHV68), is the dramatic suppression of cellular gene expression in a process known as host shutoff. The alkaline exonuclease proteins (KSHV SOX, MHV-68 muSOX and EBV BGLF5) have been shown to induce shutoff by destabilizing cellular mRNAs. Here we extend previous analyses of cellular mRNA abundance during lytic infection to characterize the effects of SOX and muSOX, in the absence of other viral genes, utilizing deep sequencing technology (RNA-seq). Consistent with previous observations during lytic infection, the majority of transcripts are downregulated in cells expressing either SOX or muSOX, with muSOX acting as a more potent shutoff factor than SOX. Moreover, most cellular messages fall into the same expression class in both SOX- and muSOX-expressing cells, indicating that both factors target similar pools of mRNAs. More abundant mRNAs are more efficiently downregulated, suggesting a concentration effect in transcript targeting. However, even among highly expressed genes there are mRNAs that escape host shutoff. Further characterization of select escapees reveals multiple mechanisms by which cellular genes can evade downregulation. While some mRNAs are directly refractory to SOX, the steady state levels of others remain unchanged, presumably as a consequence of downstream effects on mRNA biogenesis. Collectively, these studies lay the framework for dissecting the mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of mRNA to destruction during lytic gammaherpesvirus infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.