Trial reportJournal of clinical anesthesia2011
Hemodynamic characteristics of midazolam, propofol, and dexmedetomidine in healthy volunteers.
Trial report in Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anesthetic induction drugs during tracheal intubation in critically ill patients: a systematic review.Journal of anesthesia · 2026Pooled it
- RemimazolamPeerJ · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety evaluation of dexmedetomidine for postoperative patient controlled intravenous analgesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Dexmedetomidine and sufentanil combination versus sufentanil alone for postoperative intravenous patient-controlled analgesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC anesthesiology · 2019Pooled it
- Dexmedetomidine versus Midazolam in Procedural Sedation. A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Beneficial Effects of Remimazolam Compared with Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant in Total Intravenous Anaesthesia with Propofol and Remifentanil: A Randomised Controlled Trial.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Trial
- Appropriateness and safety of using the intranasal route for sedation during pediatric computed tomography: A randomized controlled trial at Korle-Bu teaching hospital.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Trial
- Effective remimazolam loading dose for adequate sedation in regional anesthesia.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2024Trial
- Trial
- The Effect of Sedation on Cortical Activation: A Randomized Study Comparing the Effects of Sedation With Midazolam, Propofol, and Dexmedetomidine on Auditory Processing.Anesthesia and analgesia · 2017Trial
- Remifentanil requirements for preventing motor response to skin incision in healthy women anesthetized with combinations of propofol and dexmedetomidine titrated to similar Bispectral Index (BIS) values.Irish journal of medical science · 2015Trial
- Effect of sedation on pain perception.Anesthesiology · 2013Trial
- Management Challenges of Interfering Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation-Induced Consciousness in the Prehospital Setting: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2026Article
- Echocardiographic assessment in arterial hypertension: a contemporary narrative review.Echo research and practice · 2026Review
- Article
- Anesthetic Strategies for Closed Reduction of Dislocated Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Scoping Review.Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Pharmacological profiles and mechanism of action of remimazolam for ICU sedation.Journal of intensive care · 2026Review
- Refractory septic shock: our updated pragmatic approach.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2026Review
- Resting energy expenditure changes related to different sedation levels in critically ill patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Nomogram model for predicting post-intubation cardiac arrest in the emergency department: a retrospective study.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectiveTo study the effect of intravenous (IV) sedation on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and respiratory rates (RR) to determine if IV sedatives differ with respect to their effect on BP, HR, and RR.
designProspective, randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled study.
settingMonitored patient care room at a clinical research center. SUBJECTS: 60 healthy ASA physical status 1 volunteers.
interventionsSubjects were randomized to receive, in increasing doses, one of three IV sedatives: propofol, midazolam, or dexmedetomidine; or saline control. MEASUREMENTS: Blood pressure (systolic, diastolic), HR, and RR were recorded. MAIN
resultsA significant dose-dependent BP reduction occurred with dexmedetomidine and, to a lesser degree, with propofol; and there was good agreement of predicted versus measured drug concentrations for all sedatives. Blood pressure and HR of participants who received midazolam did not change.
conclusionsWhen administered in sedative doses, dexmedetomidine and, to a lesser extent, midazolam, reduces BP in a dose-dependent fashion. Dexmedetomidine also reduces HR. Midazolam does not affect BP or HR.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.