ArticleBMC medical research methodology2011
Calculating unreported confidence intervals for paired data.
Article in BMC medical research methodology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Equal access, unequal outcomes? racial disparities in mortality between black and white women with breast cancer: a 10-year systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026Pooled it
- Use of Placebo and Nonoperative Control Groups in Surgical Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Oxygen therapy for interstitial lung disease: a systematic review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2017Pooled it
- Wound drainage for lower limb arterial surgery.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Universal Transcutaneous Bilirubin Screening in a Midwifery-Led Home Care Setting.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- What factors predict cervical sagittal alignment restoration after correction of thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with severe thoracic hypokyphosis? A multicenter retrospective study of 57 patients.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Article
- Association of Low-Value Testing With Subsequent Health Care Use and Clinical Outcomes Among Low-risk Primary Care Outpatients Undergoing an Annual Health Examination.JAMA internal medicine · 2020Observational
- Ten simple rules for carrying out and writing meta-analyses.PLoS computational biology · 2019Article
- Effects of posture and coactivation on corticomotor excitability of ankle muscles.Restorative neurology and neuroscience · 2018Article
- Macrolide antibiotics and the risk of ventricular arrhythmia in older adults.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundConfidence intervals (or associated standard errors) facilitate assessment of the practical importance of the findings of a health study, and their incorporation into a meta-analysis. For paired design studies, these items are often not reported. Since the descriptive statistics for such studies are usually presented in the same way as for unpaired designs, direct computation of the standard error is not possible without additional information.
methodsElementary, well-known relationships between standard errors and p-values were used to develop computation schemes for paired mean difference, risk difference, risk ratio and odds ratio.
resultsUnreported confidence intervals for large sample paired binary and numeric data can be computed fairly accurately using simple methods provided the p-value is given. In the case of paired binary data, the design based 2 × 2 table can be reconstructed as well.
conclusionsOur results will facilitate appropriate interpretation of paired design studies, and their incorporation into meta-analyses.
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