ArticleBMC pulmonary medicine2011
Ageing and long-term smoking affects KL-6 levels in the lung, induced sputum and plasma.
Article in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Smoking-associated increase in mucins 1 and 4 in human airways.Respiratory research · 2020Trial
- Nasal gene expression differentiates COPD from controls and overlaps bronchial gene expression.Respiratory research · 2017Trial
- Divergent roles of serum CXCL9 as a biomarker in ILD and COPD: a comparative study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for non-neoplastic lung diseases.Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine · 2025Article
- Identifying KL-6-Associated Immune Cell Signatures and Key Genes in Emphysematous COPD.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Cough and sputum in long COVID are associated with severe acute COVID-19: a Japanese cohort study.Respiratory research · 2023Article
- Human isogenic cells of the neurovascular unit exert transcriptomic cell type-specific effects on a blood-brain barrier in vitro model of late-onset Alzheimer disease.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2023Article
- A multiplex inhalation platform to modelFrontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Correlation between CT Score and KL-6: A Severity Assessing in Juvenile Dermatomyositis Associated Interstitial Lung Disease.Canadian respiratory journal · 2023Article
- A New Immortalized Human Alveolar Epithelial Cell Model to Study Lung Injury and Toxicity on a Breathing Lung-On-Chip System.Frontiers in toxicology · 2022Article
- Aging Diminishes Mucociliary Clearance of the Lung.Advances in geriatric medicine and research · 2022Article
- Mucus targeting as a plausible approach to improve lung function in COVID-19 patients.Medical hypotheses · 2021Article
- The role of mucin 1 in respiratory diseases.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2021Review
- Krebs von den Lungen 6 decreased in the serum and muscle of GNE myopathy patients.Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology · 2021Article
- Sputum mucin 1 is increased during the acute phase of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation.Journal of thoracic disease · 2017Article
- A cohort study of the acute and chronic respiratory effects of toner exposure among handlers: a longitudinal analyses from 2004 to 2013.Industrial health · 2016Article
- Mucin-1 correlates with survival, smoking status, and growth patterns in lung adenocarcinoma.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2016Article
- Association of serum KL-6 levels with interstitial lung disease in patients with connective tissue disease: a cross-sectional study.Clinical rheumatology · 2016Article
- Recovery of chylous pulmonary congestion in tuberous sclerosis complex-associated lymphangioleiomyomatosis.BMJ case reports · 2014Article
- Cefditoren versus levofloxacin in patients with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: serum inflammatory biomarkers, clinical efficacy, and microbiological eradication.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundKL-6 is a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein classified as a human MUC1 mucin. It was hypothesized that KL-6 could be detectable in the circulating blood and especially in airway secretions in lung diseases associated with mucus production such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Additional aims of this study were to investigate whether the levels of KL-6 in plasma and sputum are related to ageing and smoking history.
methodsThe concentrations of KL-6 in plasma and induced sputum supernatants from young and/or middle aged/elderly non-smokers, smokers and patients with COPD were assayed by ELISA (n = 201). The subjects were classified into five groups according to age, smoking status and presence of COPD. In addition, KL-6 expression in control and diseased lung i.e. samples from patients with COPD (n = 28), were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and digital image analysis.
resultsThe plasma levels of KL-6 increased with age both in non-smokers and smokers. Among middle aged/elderly subjects, plasma KL-6 levels in all smokers regardless of COPD were significantly higher than in non-smokers, whereas sputum levels of KL-6 were significantly higher in COPD compared not only to non-smokers but also to smokers. KL-6 was more prominently expressed in the bronchiolar/alveolar epithelium in COPD than in the control lungs. Plasma and sputum KL-6 levels correlated inversely with obstruction and positively with smoking history and ageing. The linear multiple regression analysis confirmed that age and cigarette smoking had independent effects on plasma KL-6.
conclusionsKL-6 increases with ageing and chronic smoking history, but prospective studies will be needed to elucidate the significance of KL-6 in chronic airway diseases.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.