ReviewMicrobiology (Reading, England)2011
Cytolethal distending toxin: a conserved bacterial genotoxin that blocks cell cycle progression, leading to apoptosis of a broad range of mammalian cell lineages.
Review in Microbiology (Reading, England), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 121 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
121 citing papers in PubMed, 207 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbiota in pancreatic cancer: Roles in tumor initiation and progression (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Cytolethal distending toxin enhancesInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- The Role of Oral Pathobionts' Outer Membrane Vesicles in Cancer Pathology and Therapeutic Development.Cells · 2026Review
- Article
- Cytolethal Distending Toxin EnhancesbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Gut microbiome-driven colorectal cancer via immune, metabolic, neural, and endocrine axes reprogramming.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Review
- The landscape of gut microbiota in hepatocarcinogenesis: a comprehensive review of pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Review
- TM9SF4 acts as a receptor mediatingFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Revolutionizing Antibiotic Delivery: Harnessing 3D-Printing Technology to Combat Bacterial Resistance.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Helicobacter hepaticus CdtB promoted brain impairment in BALB/c mice via gut-brain axis.Gut pathogens · 2025Article
- Microbial Landscapes of the Gut-Biliary Axis: Implications for Benign and Malignant Biliary Tract Diseases.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Campylobacter jejuni regulates cell cycle progression to potentiate host cell invasion.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- A Dual-Targeting T6SS DNase Drives Bacterial Antagonism and Eukaryotic Apoptosis via the cGAS-STING-TNF Axis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Article
- Roles of the gut microbiota in hepatocellular carcinoma: from the gut dysbiosis to the intratumoral microbiota.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- Advances in gut microbiota-related treatment strategies for managing colorectal cancer in humans.Cancer biology & medicine · 2025Review
- Experimental horizontal transfer of phage-derived genes to Drosophila confers innate immunity to parasitoids.Current biology : CB · 2025Article
- Changes in potential pathogenicity-associated proteins ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Pore-Forming Toxin-Like Proteins in the Anti-Parasitoid Immune Response of Drosophila.Journal of innate immunity · 2025Article
- IntratumoralPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is a heterotrimeric AB-type genotoxin produced by several clinically important Gram-negative mucocutaneous bacterial pathogens. Irrespective of the bacterial species of origin, CDT causes characteristic and irreversible cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a broad range of cultured mammalian cell lineages. The active subunit CdtB has structural homology with the phosphodiesterase family of enzymes including mammalian DNase I, and alone is necessary and sufficient to account for cellular toxicity. Indeed, mammalian cells treated with CDT initiate a DNA damage response similar to that elicited by ionizing radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks resulting in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The mechanism of CDT-induced apoptosis remains incompletely understood, but appears to involve both p53-dependent and -independent pathways. While epithelial, endothelial and fibroblast cell lines respond to CDT by undergoing arrest of cell cycle progression resulting in nuclear and cytoplasmic distension that precedes apoptotic cell death, cells of haematopoietic origin display rapid apoptosis following a brief period of cell cycle arrest. In this review, the ecology of pathogens producing CDT, the molecular biology of bacterial CDT and the molecular mechanisms of CDT-induced cytotoxicity are critically appraised. Understanding the contribution of a broadly conserved bacterial genotoxin that blocks progression of the mammalian cell cycle, ultimately causing cell death, should assist with elucidating disease mechanisms for these important pathogens.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.