Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21561970›Full record

ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2011

Nonlinear acoustic complexity in a fish 'two-voice' system.

Aaron N Rice, Bruce R Land, Andrew H Bass

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Biphonation in animal vocalizations: insights into communicative functions and production mechanisms.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Review
  3. Nonlinear phenomena in mammalian vocal communication: an introduction and scoping review.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Female large odorous frogs (Ecology and evolution · 2022
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Aaron N RiceDepartment of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. arice@cornell.edu
Bruce R Land
Andrew H Bass
Cornell University · US

Funding

ENCODING OF VOCAL SIGNALS IN THE AUDITORY SYSTEMR01DC000092 · NIDCD · CORNELL UNIVERSITY ITHACA · PI BASS, ANDREW H · 1988 to 2011
$3.3M
NIDCD NIH HHS DC-00092NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC000092
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Acoustic signals play essential roles in social communication and show a strong selection for novel morphologies leading to increased call complexity in many taxa. Among vertebrates, repeated innovations in the larynges of frogs and mammals and the syrinx of songbirds have enhanced the spectro-temporal content, and hence the diversity of vocalizations. This acoustic diversification includes nonlinear characteristics that expand frequency profiles beyond the traditional categorization of harmonic and broadband calls. Fishes have remained a notable exception to evidence for such acoustic innovations among vertebrates, despite their being the largest group of living vertebrates that also exhibit widespread evolution of sound production. Here, we combine rigorous acoustic and mathematical analyses with experimental silencing of the vocal motor system to show how a novel swim bladder mechanism in a toadfish enables it to generate calls exhibiting nonlinearities like those found among frogs, birds and mammals, including primates. By showing that fishes have evolved nonlinear acoustic signalling like all other major lineages of vocal vertebrates, these results suggest strong selection pressure favouring this mechanism to enrich the spectro-temporal content and complexity of vocal signals.

Indexed as

AcousticsAnimal CommunicationNonlinear DynamicsAir SacsAnimalsBatrachoidiformes

Identifiers

PMID21561970
PMCPMC3203507
OpenAlexW2152902831

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.