ArticleToxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology2011
Toxicology and epidemiology: improving the science with a framework for combining toxicological and epidemiological evidence to establish causal inference.
Article in Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cancer and occupational exposure to pesticides: an umbrella review.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2021Pooled it
- E-cigarette use and respiratory disorders: an integrative review of converging evidence from epidemiological and laboratory studies.The European respiratory journal · 2021Pooled it
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- The Navigation Guide - evidence-based medicine meets environmental health: integration of animal and human evidence for PFOA effects on fetal growth.Environmental health perspectives · 2014Pooled it
- Instruments for assessing risk of bias and other methodological criteria of published animal studies: a systematic review.Environmental health perspectives · 2013Pooled it
- The effects of developmental cadmium exposure on health and disease.Disease models & mechanisms · 2025Review
- Scientific Committee guidance on appraising and integrating evidence from epidemiological studies for use in EFSA's scientific assessments.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Use of clinical chemistry health outcomes and PFAS chain length to predict 28-day rodent oral toxicity.Toxicology mechanisms and methods · 2023Article
- Evidence integration on health damage for humidifier disinfectant exposure and legal presumption of causation.Epidemiology and health · 2023Article
- Systematic review of the association between talc and female reproductive tract cancers.Frontiers in toxicology · 2023Review
- Invited Perspective: Long-Lasting Legacy of Banned Contaminants in Alzheimer's Disease Etiology-Convergence of Epidemiological and Toxicological Findings.Environmental health perspectives · 2022Article
- Explore Regional PM2.5 Features and Compositions Causing Health Effects in Taiwan.Environmental management · 2021Article
- Mimicking the human respiratory system: Online in vitro cell exposure for toxicity assessment of welding fume aerosol.Journal of hazardous materials · 2020Article
- Draft for internal testing Scientific Committee guidance on appraising and integrating evidence from epidemiological studies for use in EFSA's scientific assessments.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2020Article
- E-Synthesis: A Bayesian Framework for Causal Assessment in Pharmacosurveillance.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Article
- Onset Patterns and Course of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2019Article
- Weight of Evidence for Hazard Identification: A Critical Review of the Literature.Environmental health perspectives · 2018Review
- Mitochondrial Toxicity.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2018Review
- Scientific Opinion of the PPR Panel on the follow-up of the findings of the External Scientific Report 'Literature review of epidemiological studies linking exposure to pesticides and health effects'.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2017Article
- Framework for assessing causality of air pollution-related health effects for reviews of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards.Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Historically, toxicology has played a significant role in verifying conclusions drawn on the basis of epidemiological findings. Agents that were suggested to have a role in human diseases have been tested in animals to firmly establish a causative link. Bacterial pathogens are perhaps the oldest examples, and tobacco smoke and lung cancer and asbestos and mesothelioma provide two more recent examples. With the advent of toxicity testing guidelines and protocols, toxicology took on a role that was intended to anticipate or predict potential adverse effects in humans, and epidemiology, in many cases, served a role in verifying or negating these toxicological predictions. The coupled role of epidemiology and toxicology in discerning human health effects by environmental agents is obvious, but there is currently no systematic and transparent way to bring the data and analysis of the two disciplines together in a way that provides a unified view on an adverse causal relationship between an agent and a disease. In working to advance the interaction between the fields of toxicology and epidemiology, we propose here a five-step "Epid-Tox" process that would focus on: (1) collection of all relevant studies, (2) assessment of their quality, (3) evaluation of the weight of evidence, (4) assignment of a scalable conclusion, and (5) placement on a causal relationship grid. The causal relationship grid provides a clear view of how epidemiological and toxicological data intersect, permits straightforward conclusions with regard to a causal relationship between agent and effect, and can show how additional data can influence conclusions of causality.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.