ArticlePloS one2011
Novel CCL21-vault nanocapsule intratumoral delivery inhibits lung cancer growth.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Innovative Strategies of Nanocapsules for Maximizing Efficacy in Tumor Immunotherapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- A Spatiotemporal Model of CXCL10 as a Master Regulator of Immune Evasion and Metastasis in Osteosarcoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures in tumors: immunity cycle, clinical impact, and therapeutic applications.Theranostics · 2025Review
- Immunotherapies for locally aggressive cancers.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2024Review
- Targeting innate immune pathways for cancer immunotherapy.Immunity · 2023Review
- Tailored Functionalized Protein Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy: Recent Developments and Prospects.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Manufacturing of non-viral protein nanocages for biotechnological and biomedical applications.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Article
- Dendritic Cells and CCR7 Expression: An Important Factor for Autoimmune Diseases, Chronic Inflammation, and Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Bio-Nanocarriers for Lung Cancer Management: Befriending the Barriers.Nano-micro letters · 2021Review
- Chemical Conjugation Strategies for the Development of Protein-Based Subunit Nanovaccines.Vaccines · 2021Review
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- Trial watch: intratumoral immunotherapy.Oncoimmunology · 2021Review
- Article
- Nanoformulation of CCL21 greatly increases its effectiveness as an immunotherapy for neuroblastoma.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2020Article
- Intratumor injection of CCL21-coupled vault nanoparticles is associated with reduction in tumor volume in an in vivo model of glioma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2020Article
- Bioengineered recombinant vault nanoparticles coupled with NY-ESO-1 glioma-associated antigens induce maturation of native dendritic cells.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2020Article
- Antitumor Effects of Curcumin and Glycyrrhetinic Acid-Modified Curcumin-Loaded Cationic Liposome by Intratumoral Administration.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2020Article
- Human Vault Nanoparticle Targeted Delivery of Antiretroviral Drugs to Inhibit Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2019Article
- Latest Advances in the Development of Eukaryotic Vaults as Targeted Drug Delivery Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBased on our preclinical findings, we are assessing the efficacy of intratumoral injection of dendritic cells (DC) transduced with an adenoviral vector expressing the secondary lymphoid chemokine (CCL21) gene (Ad-CCL21-DC) in a phase I trial in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While this approach shows immune enhancement, the preparation of autologous DC for CCL21 genetic modification is cumbersome, expensive and time consuming. We are evaluating a non-DC based approach which utilizes vault nanoparticles for intratumoral CCL21 delivery to mediate antitumor activity in lung cancer. PRINCIPAL
findingsHere we describe that vault nanocapsule platform for CCL21 delivery elicits antitumor activity with inhibition of lung cancer growth. Vault nanocapsule packaged CCL21 (CCL21-vaults) demonstrated functional activity in chemotactic and antigen presenting activity assays. Recombinant vaults impacted chemotactic migration of T cells and this effect was predominantly CCL21 dependent as CCL21 neutralization abrogated the CCL21 mediated enhancement in chemotaxis. Intratumoral administration of CCL21-vaults in mice bearing lung cancer enhanced leukocytic infiltrates (CXCR3(+)T, CCR7(+)T, IFNγ(+)T lymphocytes, DEC205(+) DC), inhibited lung cancer tumor growth and reduced the frequencies of immune suppressive cells [myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), T regulatory cells (Treg), IL-10 T cells]. CCL21-vaults induced systemic antitumor responses by augmenting splenic T cell lytic activity against parental tumor cells. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates that the vault nanocapsule can efficiently deliver CCL21 to sustain antitumor activity and inhibit lung cancer growth. The vault nanocapsule can serve as an "off the shelf" approach to deliver antitumor cytokines to treat a broad range of malignancies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.