Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21558845›Full record

SynthesisBlood pressure monitoring2011

Age and the difference between awake ambulatory blood pressure and office blood pressure: a meta-analysis.

Joji Ishikawa, Yukiko Ishikawa, Donald Edmondson, Thomas G Pickering, Joseph E Schwartz

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Blood pressure monitoring, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Association Between Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression and Blood Pressure Variability in Older Outpatients.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2026
    Observational
  5. Review
  6. Twenty-five years of research on syncope.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2023
    Article
  7. Persistence and determinants of blood pressure phenotypes according to office and ambulatory blood pressure measurements in youth.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2023
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Joji IshikawaCenter for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA. geroge@jichi.ac.jp
Yukiko Ishikawa
Donald Edmondson
Thomas G Pickering
Joseph E Schwartz
Columbia University Irving Medical Center · US

Funding

WORKSITE BLOOD PRESSURE STUDYP01HL047540 · NHLBI · WEILL MEDICAL COLLEGE OF CORNELL UNIV · PI SCHWARTZ, JOSEPH E · 1993 to 2014
$27.7M
MIND-BODY-BEHAVIORAL MED CLINICAL TRIALS INFRASTRUCTURER24HL076857 · NHLBI · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI DAVIDSON, KARINA W. · 2004 to 2008
$3.5M
NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL047540NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL47540NHLBI NIH HHS R24 HL076857NHLBI NIH HHS R24 HL76857
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAmbulatory blood pressure (BP) (ABP) is a better predictor of adverse cardiovascular events than office BP (OBP). Owing to the extensive literature on the 'white coat effect', it is widely believed that ABP tends to be lower than OBP, with statements to this effect in Joint National Committee VII. However, recent evidence suggests that the difference varies systematically with age.

methodsWe searched PubMed to identify population studies, published before April 2009, which assessed OBP and either ABP or home BP (HBP). On account of significant heterogeneity in the outcomes, random effect models were used for the meta-analyses.

resultsOBP increased with age more steeply than awake ABP. OBP became higher than awake systolic/diastolic ABP at the age of 51.3/42.7 years in men (13 studies, N=3562) and 51.9/42.3 years in women (11 studies, N=2585). In the data in which OBP and HBP were measured (eight studies, N=4916), OBP was higher than HBP at all ages. In the data in which OBP, awake ABP, and HBP were all measured (two studies, N=895), awake ABP was higher than HBP at younger ages, becoming similar at the older age.

conclusionOBP tends to be higher than awake ABP only after the age of 50 years for systolic and after the age of 45 years for diastolic BP, but is lower than ABP at younger ages; in contrast OBP tends to exceed HBP at all ages.

Indexed as

Blood Pressure DeterminationBlood Pressure Monitoring, AmbulatoryOffice VisitsAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAge FactorsBlood PressureChildDiastoleFemaleHumansHypertensionMaleMiddle Aged

Identifiers

PMID21558845
PMCPMC3839085
OpenAlexW2010795797

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.