Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21556346›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2011

An efficient calcium phosphate nanoparticle-based nonviral vector for gene delivery.

Yachun Liu, Tao Wang, Fangli He, Qian Liu, Dexi Zhang, Shuanglin Xiang, Shengpei Su, Jian Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticle Delivery of siInternational journal of nanomedicine · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Biological and Medical Applications of Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2021
    Review
  7. Enhancing Immune Responses to a DNA Vaccine EncodingFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021
    Article
  8. Biodegradable calcium phosphate nanoparticles for cancer therapy.Advances in colloid and interface science · 2020
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
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  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yachun LiuKey Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology, Ministry of Education of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Tao Wang
Fangli He
Qian Liu
Dexi Zhang
Shuanglin Xiang
Shengpei Su
Jian Zhang

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSmaller nanoparticles facilitate the delivery of DNA into cells through endocytosis and improve transfection efficiency. The aim of this study was to determine whether protamine sulfate-coated calcium phosphate (PS-CaP) could stabilize particle size and enhance transfection efficiency.

methodspEGFP-C1 green fluorescence protein was employed as an indicator of transfection efficiency. Atomic force microscopy was used to evaluate the morphology and the size of the particles, and an MTT assay was introduced to detect cell viability and inhibition. The classical calcium phosphate method was used as the control.

resultsAtomic force microscopy images showed that the PS-CaP were much smaller than classical calcium phosphate particles. In 293 FT, HEK 293, and NIH 3T3 cells, the transfection efficiency of PS-CaP was higher than for the classical calcium phosphate particles. The difference in efficiencies implies that the smaller nanoparticles may promote the delivery of DNA into cells through endocytosis and could improve transfection efficiency. In addition, PS-CaP could be used to transfect HEK 293 cells after one week of storage at 4°C with a lesser extent of efficiency loss compared with classical calcium phosphate, indicating that protamine sulfate may increase the stability of calcium phosphate nanoparticles. The cell viability inhibition assay indicated that both nanoparticles show similar low cell toxicity.

conclusionPS-CaP can be used as a better nonviral transfection vector compared with classical calcium phosphate.

Indexed as

Gene Transfer TechniquesAnimalsCalcium PhosphatesCell SurvivalDrug StabilityGreen Fluorescent ProteinsHEK293 CellsHumansMiceMicroscopy, Atomic ForceNanoparticlesNIH 3T3 CellsParticle SizeProtaminesTransfectioncalcium phosphateCalcium PhosphatesGreen Fluorescent ProteinsProtaminesparticle sizeprotamine sulfatestabilitytransfection efficiency

Identifiers

PMID21556346
PMCPMC3084318

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.