ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2011
Socioeconomic variation in the prevalence, introduction, retention, and removal of smoke-free policies among smokers: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05016505 (A Randomized Controlled Trial to Support Smoke-Free Policy Compliance in Public Housing), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Support Smoke-Free Policy Compliance in Public Housing
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Estimating the equity impacts of the smoking ban in England on cotinine levels: a regression discontinuity design.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Using an urban child health index to detect intra-urban disparities in Sweden.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2021Article
- Single-parent status and smoke-free home rules among daily smokers.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2020Article
- Uneven Access to Smoke-Free Laws and Policies and Its Effect on Health Equity in the United States: 2000-2019.American journal of public health · 2019Article
- Smoke-Free Home and Vehicle Policies Among Community College Smokers.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2018Article
- Barriers to Quitting Smoking Among Young Adults: The Role of Socioeconomic Status.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2018Article
- Prevalence and correlates of different smoking bans in homes and cars among smokers in six countries of the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys.Tobacco induced diseases · 2018Article
- Distributional benefits of tobacco tax and smoke-free workplaces in China: A modeling study.Journal of global health · 2017Article
- Restrictions on the use of e-cigarettes in public and private places-current practice and support among adults in Great Britain.European journal of public health · 2017Article
- Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Smoke-Free Rules in Homes among Socially-Disadvantaged Populations in Poland.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
- Factors Associated with Complete Home Smoking Ban among Chinese Parents of Young Children.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Article
- The effectiveness of tobacco control television advertisements in increasing the prevalence of smoke-free homes.BMC public health · 2015Article
- Impact of National Smoke-Free Legislation on Educational Disparities in Smoke-Free Homes: Findings from the SIDRIAT Longitudinal Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2015Article
- Household smoking restrictions among urban residents in China: individual and regional influences.International journal of public health · 2015Article
- Cohort study of smoke-free homes in economically disadvantaged communities in the Dominican Republic.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2014Article
- The effectiveness of cigarette price and smoke-free homes on low-income smokers in the United States.American journal of public health · 2013Article
- Individual, social, and environmental factors associated with support for smoke-free housing policies among subsidized multiunit housing tenants.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2013Article
- "How is smoking handled in your home?": agreement between parental reports on home smoking bans in the United States, 1995-2007.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2012Article
- Individualized versus population-based approaches to tobacco control - a false dichotomy.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2011Article
- Strict smoke-free home policies among smoking parents in pediatric settings.Academic pediatricsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionExposure to secondhand smoke causes premature death and disease in non-smokers and indoor smoke-free policies have become increasingly prevalent worldwide. Although socioeconomic disparities have been documented in tobacco use and cessation, the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and smoke-free policies is less well studied.
methodsData were obtained from the 2006 and 2007 Waves of the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey (ITC-4), a prospective study of nationally representative samples of smokers in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Telephone interviews were administered to 8,245 current and former adult smokers from October 2006 to February 2007. Between September 2007 and February 2008, 5,866 respondents were re-interviewed. Self-reported education and annual household income were used to create SES tertiles. Outcomes included the presence, introduction, and removal of smoke-free policies in homes, worksites, bars, and restaurants.
resultsSmokers with high SES had increased odds of both having [OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.27-2.87] and introducing [OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.04-2.13] a total ban on smoking in the home compared to low SES smokers. Continuing smokers with high SES also had decreased odds of removing a total ban [OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.26-0.73]. No consistent association was observed between SES and the presence or introduction of bans in worksites, bars, or restaurants.
conclusionsThe presence, introduction, and retention of smoke-free homes increases with increasing SES, but no consistent socioeconomic variation exists in the presence or introduction of total smoking bans in worksites, bars, or restaurants. Opportunities exist to reduce SES disparities in smoke-free homes, while the lack of socioeconomic differences in public workplace, bar, and restaurant smoke-free policies suggest these measures are now equitably distributed in these four countries.
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