Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21556031›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2011

Risk factors for and management of cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.

Ralph H B Benedict, Robert Zivadinov

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02290444 (Effects of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone), which is not on this map. Cited by 133 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
133citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02290444 phase3completednot on this mapstarted 2013, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTHAR Gel) on Recovery From Cognitive Relapses in Multiple Sclerosis

TypeinterventionalSponsorState University of New York at BuffaloRan2013 to 2018Enrolled64ConditionsMultiple SclerosisArmsAdrenocorticotropic Hormone
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

133 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Effect of a Combined Program of Strength and Dual Cognitive-Motor Tasks in Multiple Sclerosis Subjects.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020
    Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Perceived Cognitive Deficits in a Sample of Persons Living With Multiple Sclerosis.The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses · 2017
    Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Trial
  12. Trial
  13. Trial
  14. Article
  15. Selective associations between cognitive practice effects and reactive balance adaptation in multiple sclerosis.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2026
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Ralph H B BenedictDepartment of Neurology, Suite D6, Buffalo General Hospital, State University of New York at Buffalo, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA. benedict@buffalo.edu
Robert Zivadinov

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cognitive impairment is common in multiple sclerosis (MS), especially when assessed by neuropsychological tests that emphasize mental processing speed, episodic memory, and some aspects of executive function. In this Review, we question why some MS patients develop severe impairment in cognitive abilities, while cognitive ability remains intact in others. We find that the heterogeneity in neuropsychological presentation among patients with MS reflects the influence of many factors, including genetics, sex, intelligence, disease course, comorbid neuropsychiatric illness, and health behaviors. Neuropsychological deficits are also robustly correlated with brain MRI metrics. Male patients with early evidence of cerebral gray matter atrophy are most prone to impairment, whereas high premorbid intelligence improves the neuropsychological prognosis. Routine evaluation of cognition is useful for helping patients to navigate problems related to activities of daily living and work disability and, if reliable methods are employed, cognitive decline can be detected and included among the many clinical signs of disease progression or treatment failure. Pharmacological treatments for neuropsychological impairment are on the horizon, although presently no firm medical indications exist for the condition.

Indexed as

Apolipoproteins EBrainCognitionCognition DisordersCognitive ReserveDisease ProgressionHumansIndividualityIntelligenceMagnetic Resonance ImagingMultiple SclerosisNeuropsychological TestsRisk FactorsTreatment OutcomeApolipoproteins E

Identifiers

PMID21556031

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.