ReviewNature reviews. Rheumatology2011
Pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome: understanding the antibodies.
Review in Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 243 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
243 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 598 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antiphospholipid antibody-related hepatic vasculitis in a juvenile after non-severe COVID-19: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with antiphospholipid antibodies.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Prevalence and Clinical Associations of Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Systemic Sclerosis: New Data From a French Cross-Sectional Study, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Pooled it
- ABO blood group in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: influence in the site of thrombosis?Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2015Trial
- Antiphospholipid antibodies and cardiovascular thrombosis.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Immunoglobulins in recurrent pregnancy loss: Emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Association of EndometrialBiomedicines · 2026Article
- ANA fluorescence patterns and low C4 are associated with higher antiphospholipid antibody serological intensity in routine diagnostic testing.Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine · 2026Article
- Deciphering Platelet Transcriptomic Profiles in Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Insights into Their Role as Immunological Players.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- βCurrent opinion in immunology · 2026Review
- Autoimmune Disorders and Thrombophilia in Pathologic Pregnancies: Management Throughout the Full Gestation.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- In vivo targeting of open prothrombin with the monoclonal antibody POmAb results in anticoagulation without excessive bleeding.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2026Article
- Pregnancy and Assisted Reproductive Outcomes in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Sjögren Syndrome and Antiphospholipid Syndrome: An Umbrella Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- C4b-binding protein as an antigenic target in the pathogenesis of antiphosphatidylethanolamine autoantibodies.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Review of Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Over Four Decades of Advances and Challenges.Cells · 2026Review
- Article
- Direct Oral Anti-Xa Anticoagulants and the Future of Factor XI/FXIa Inhibition: A New Paradigm in Thrombosis Prevention.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Enhanced type I interferon signature in primary APS patients is associated with thrombocytopenia.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- IgA anti-β2-glycoprotein I as an independent risk factor in acute venous thromboembolism.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Animal models of antiphospholipid syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
183 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are both diagnostic markers for, and pathogenic drivers of, antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Although the presence of aPL is a necessary pre-condition, APS-associated clotting is seemingly triggered by an additional 'second hit', frequently related to innate inflammatory immune responses. β(2) glycoprotein I (β(2)GPI)-dependent aPL, the most important subset of these antibodies, mediate several--not necessarily alternative--thrombogenic mechanisms, mainly on the basis of their reactivity with β(2)GPI expressed on the membrane of cells that participate in the coagulation cascade. Recurrent pregnancy complications associated with aPL cannot be explained solely by thrombosis, and alternative pathogenic mechanisms have been reported. Although one in vivo model of fetal loss suggests a mechanism of aPL-mediated acute placental inflammation, other models and the histopathological examination of APS placentae do not support a widespread inflammatory signature. β(2)GPI-dependent aPL are thought to recognize their antigen on placental tissues, inhibit the growth and differentiation of trophoblasts, and eventually cause defective placentation. Why antibodies with similar antigen specificity produce different clinical manifestations is not clear. Characterization of the molecular basis of the pathogenic mechanisms involved, including the putative second hits and the role of complement activation, might offer an answer to this question.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.