ReviewBlood2011
Barriers to mucosal transmission of immunodeficiency viruses.
Review in Blood, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Getting to the root of HIV transmitted founder virus sequences.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- HIV-Induced Apoptosis: Host Defense and Viral Strategy.Biology · 2025Review
- Rapid systemic spread and minimal immune responses following SIVsab intrarectal transmission in African green monkeys.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Highly Sensitive Analysis of Cervical Mucosal HIV-1 Infection Using Reporter Viruses Expressing Secreted Nanoluciferase.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- The initial interplay between HIV and mucosal innate immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- A Detailed Overview of Immune Escape, Antibody Escape, Partial Vaccine Escape of SARS-CoV-2 and Their Emerging Variants With Escape Mutations.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Acute Infection of Viral Pathogens and Their Innate Immune Escape.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Ex vivo rectal explant model reveals potential opposing roles of Natural Killer cells and Marginal Zone-like B cells in HIV-1 infection.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Number of HIV-1 founder variants is determined by the recency of the source partner infection.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Article
- Defining early SIV replication and dissemination dynamics following vaginal transmission.Science advances · 2019Article
- The Frequency of Vaccine-Induced T-Cell Responses Does Not Predict the Rate of Acquisition after Repeated Intrarectal SIVmac239 Challenges inJournal of virology · 2019Article
- A sequestered fusion peptide in the structure of an HIV-1 transmitted founder envelope trimer.Nature communications · 2019Article
- Human Dendritic Cell Subsets, Ontogeny, and Impact on HIV Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- The Unique Microbiome and Innate Immunity During Pregnancy.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Mucosal Vaccine Approaches for Prevention of HIV and SIV Transmission.Current immunology reviews · 2019Article
- Epigallocatechin-3-gallate local pre-exposure application prevents SHIV rectal infection of macaques.Mucosal immunology · 2018Article
- Visualizing the Immune System: Providing Key Insights into HIV/SIV Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Article
- Resistance to type 1 interferons is a major determinant of HIV-1 transmission fitness.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lentiviruses such as HIV have a daunting challenge in gaining access to a new host predominantly through the penile, rectal, or vaginal/cervical mucosal tissue after sexual exposure. Multiple mechanisms have evolved to help prevent such infections, including anatomical barriers, innate inhibitors, and adaptive immune responses. For lentiviruses, it appears that in naive or even conventionally vaccinated hosts, typical adaptive immune responses are generally too little and too late to prevent infection. Nevertheless, a combination of anatomical barriers and innate immune responses may limit transmission, especially in patients without predisposing conditions such as mucosal lesions or preexisting sexually transmitted infections. Furthermore, when infection does occur, most often the primary viremia of the acute infection can be traced back genetically to a single founder virus. Unfortunately, even a single virion can establish an infection that will ultimately lead to the demise of the host. This review seeks to describe the biology of and barriers to establishment of systemic, disseminated productive infection with HIV after sexual exposure and to discuss the possible mechanisms leading to infection by a single viral variant. Understanding the initial events of infection, before systemic spread, could provide insights into strategies for reducing acquisition or ameliorating clinical outcome.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.