ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2011
Innate and cytokine-driven signals, rather than microbial antigens, dominate in natural killer T cell activation during microbial infection.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 183 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
183 citing papers in PubMed, 269 citations in OpenAlex.
- Technical advance. Measurement of iNKT cell responses at the single-cell level against rare HIV-1-infected dendritic cells in a mixed culture.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2013Trial
- Trial
- E protein-driven iNKT subset modulation shapes early immune responses during influenza A virus infection.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Similarities and singularities between innate-like T cell subsets in adults with type 1 diabetes.iScience · 2026Article
- Mogroside V Alleviates Concanavalin A-induced Acute Liver Injury by Inhibiting Inflammatory Responses and M1 Macrophage Polarization.Inflammation · 2026Article
- Natural Killer T cells promote cholestatic liver disease independent of antigen presentation by cholangiocytes.Hepatology communications · 2026Article
- Role of IFN-γ from Different Immune Cells inMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- The gut microbiome enhances breast cancer immunotherapy following bariatric surgery.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Single-cell map of innate-like lymphocyte response toiScience · 2025Article
- Interplay of trauma-triggered auto-inflammation and T-cell auto-reactivity in posttraumatic dystrophy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Anti-HBV treatment partially restores the dysfunction of innate immune cells and unconventional T cells during chronic HBV infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Varicella Zoster Virus Downregulates Expression of the Nonclassical Antigen Presentation Molecule CD1d.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- PD-1 checkpoint inhibition enhances the antilymphoma activity of CD19-CAR-iNKT cells that retain their ability to prevent alloreactivity.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Blocking Superantigen-Mediated Diseases: Challenges and Future Trends.Journal of immunology research · 2024Review
- invariant Natural Killer T cell therapy as a novel therapeutic approach in hematological malignancies.Frontiers in transplantation · 2024Review
- The surveillance of viral infections by the unconventional Type I NKT cell.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Tissue-resident and innate-like T cells in patients with advanced chronic liver disease.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2023Review
- Invariant natural killer T cells in lung diseases.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2023Review
- Aging unconventionally: γδ T cells, iNKT cells, and MAIT cells in aging.Seminars in immunology · 2023Review
- MAITs and their mates: "Innate-like" behaviors in conventional and unconventional T cells.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2023Article
123 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) are critical for host defense against a variety of microbial pathogens. However, the central question of how iNKT cells are activated by microbes has not been fully explained. The example of adaptive MHC-restricted T cells, studies using synthetic pharmacological α-galactosylceramides, and the recent discovery of microbial iNKT cell ligands have all suggested that recognition of foreign lipid antigens is the main driver for iNKT cell activation during infection. However, when we compared the role of microbial antigens versus innate cytokine-driven mechanisms, we found that iNKT cell interferon-γ production after in vitro stimulation or infection with diverse bacteria overwhelmingly depended on toll-like receptor-driven IL-12. Importantly, activation of iNKT cells in vivo during infection with Sphingomonas yanoikuyae or Streptococcus pneumoniae, pathogens which are known to express iNKT cell antigens and which require iNKT cells for effective protection, also predominantly depended on IL-12. Constitutive expression of high levels of IL-12 receptor by iNKT cells enabled instant IL-12-induced STAT4 activation, demonstrating that among T cells, iNKT cells are uniquely equipped for immediate, cytokine-driven activation. These findings reveal that innate and cytokine-driven signals, rather than cognate microbial antigen, dominate in iNKT cell activation during microbial infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.