SynthesisCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2011
Naltrexone depot formulations for opioid and alcohol dependence: a systematic review.
Synthesis in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of patients' and providers' perspectives of medications for treatment of opioid use disorder.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2020Pooled it
- Naltrexone sustained-release/bupropion sustained-release for the management of obesity: review of the data to date.Drug design, development and therapy · 2014Pooled it
- Low-Dose Naltrexone in Chronic Pain Management: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Clinical Implications.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Graphene-cobalt hexacyanoferrate modified sensor doped with molecularly imprinted polymer for selective potentiometric determination of bupropion.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Evaluating the antagonist effect of naltrexone implant via opioid challenge tests with escalating doses of hydromorphone injection in former heroin dependent patients.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Partial AUCs in Long-Acting Injectables: Rationale, Challenges, Variability, Usefulness, and Clinical Relevance.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- An eco-friendly smartphone based HPTLC method versus conventional densitometric one for determination of Naltrexone and Bupropion.BMC chemistry · 2024Article
- Treatment of Acute Pain in Patients on Naltrexone: A Narrative Review.Current pain and headache reports · 2023Review
- Article
- Current Therapeutic Options and Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Alcoholic Liver Disease.Cells · 2022Review
- Risk Factors, Clinical Consequences, Prevention, and Treatment of Childhood Obesity.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Modulation of morphine physical dependence and discriminative stimulus effects by ovarian hormones: Role of estradiol.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2022Article
- "You're Not Supposed to be on it Forever": Medications to Treat Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Related Stigma Among Drug Treatment Providers and People who Use Opioids.Substance abuse : research and treatment · 2022Article
- Medication assisted treatment (MAT) in criminal justice settings as a double-edged sword: balancing novel addiction treatments and voluntary participation.Health & justice · 2020Article
- Article
- The role of the opioid system in decision making and cognitive control: A review.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2019Review
- Antagonists in the medical management of opioid use disorders: Historical and existing treatment strategies.The American journal on addictions · 2018Review
- Open-label pilot study of injectable naltrexone for cannabis dependence.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2018Article
- Opioid Modulation of Value-Based Decision-Making in Healthy Humans.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2017Article
- Effect of extended-release naltrexone on striatal dopamine transporter availability, depression and anhedonia in heroin-dependent patients.Psychopharmacology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Naltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist that blocks the reinforcing effects of opioids and reduces alcohol consumption and craving. It has no abuse potential, mild and transient side effects, and thus appears an ideal pharmacotherapy for opioid dependence. Its effectiveness in alcohol dependence is less evident, but compliance with naltrexone combined with psychosocial support has been repeatedly shown to improve drinking outcomes. Limited compliance with oral naltrexone treatment is a known drawback. Several naltrexone implant and injectable depot formulations are being investigated and provide naltrexone release for at least 1 month. Studies among opioid-dependent patients indicate significant reductions in heroin use, but sample sizes are usually small. In alcohol dependence, two large multicenter trials report alcohol and craving reductions for naltrexone and placebo groups, indicating a significant but moderate effect. The pharmacokinetic profile of the injectable formulation indicates reliable naltrexone release over 1 month at therapeutic levels. Implant formulations releasing naltrexone up to 7 months are reported. Findings on safety and tolerability confirm the generally mild adverse effects described for naltrexone tablets. However, further research on therapeutic levels (i.e., opioid blocking) is warranted. The majority of naltrexone implants lacks approval for regular clinical use and larger longitudinal studies are needed. The available naltrexone depot formulations have the potential to significantly improve medication compliance in opioid and alcohol dependence. In certain circumstances, they may constitute a promising new treatment option.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.