Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21554541›Full record

ReviewThe FEBS journal2011

Unique ganglioside binding by botulinum neurotoxins C and D-SA.

Abby R Kroken, Andrew P-A Karalewitz, Zhuji Fu, Michael R Baldwin, Jung-Ja P Kim, Joseph T Barbieri

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in The FEBS journal, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins.Annual review of biochemistry · 2019
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
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  11. Review
  12. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Abby R KrokenDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
Andrew P-A Karalewitz
Zhuji Fu
Michael R Baldwin
Jung-Ja P Kim
Joseph T Barbieri
Medical College of Wisconsin · USUniversity of Missouri · US

Funding

Vaccines and Therapies Against BotulismU54AI057153 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI SCHLESINGER, LARRY S. · 2003 to 2013
$87.6M
Interaction of Botulinum neurotoxins with presynaptic receptor complexesR00NS061763 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA · PI BALDWIN, MICHAEL R · 2009 to 2011
$739k
Interaction of Botulinum neurotoxins with presynaptic receptor complexesK99NS061763 · NINDS · MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN · PI BALDWIN, MICHAEL R · 2007 to 2008
$166k
NIAID NIH HHS 1-U54-AI-057153NIAID NIH HHS U54 AI057153NINDS NIH HHS K99 NS061763NINDS NIH HHS NS061763NINDS NIH HHS R00 NS061763
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent protein toxins for humans. There are seven serotypes of BoNTs (A-G), based on a lack of cross-antiserum neutralization. The BoNT/C and BoNT/D serotypes include mosaic toxins that are organized as D-C and C-D toxins. One BoNT D-C mosaic toxin, BoNT/D-South Africa (BoNT/D-SA), was not fully neutralized by immunization with a vaccine composed of either prototype BoNT/C-Stockholm or BoNT/D-1873. Whereas several BoNT serotypes utilize dual receptors (gangliosides and proteins) to bind to and enter neurons, the basis for BoNT/C and BoNT/D entry into neurons is less well understood. Recent studies solved the crystal structures of the receptor-binding domains of BoNT/C, BoNT/D, and BoNT/D-SA. Comparative structural analysis showed that BoNT/C, BoNT/D and BoNT/D-SA lacked components of the ganglioside-binding pocket that exists within other BoNT serotypes. With the use of structure-based alignments, biochemical analyses, and cell-binding approaches, BoNT/C and BoNT/D-SA have been shown to possess a unique ganglioside-binding domain, the ganglioside-binding loop. Defining how BoNTs enter host cells provides insights towards understanding the evolution and extending the potential therapeutic and immunological values of the BoNT serotypes.

Indexed as

Binding SitesBotulinum ToxinsCrystallography, X-RayDrug DiscoveryGangliosidesModels, MolecularNeurotoxinsProtein ConformationStructure-Activity RelationshipBotulinum Toxinsbotulinum toxin type CGangliosidesNeurotoxins

Identifiers

PMID21554541
PMCPMC3170675
OpenAlexW1688629966

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.