Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21554333›Full record

ArticleAlcoholism, clinical and experimental research2011

Ethanol-induced microphthalmia is not mediated by changes in retinoic acid or sonic hedgehog signaling during retinal neurogenesis.

Bhavani Kashyap, Ruth A Frey, Deborah L Stenkamp

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
7.0field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The Role of the Hedgehog Pathway in Alcohol-Induced Birth Defects.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Zebrafish models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) · 2021
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Animal models of gene-alcohol interactions.Birth defects research · 2020
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Gene-environment interactions in development and disease.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Developmental biology · 2017
    Review
  9. Review
  10. The Genetics of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2016
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Abnormal retinal development in Cloche mutant zebrafish.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2015
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Complex cardiac defects after ethanol exposure during discrete cardiogenic events in zebrafish: prevention with folic acid.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2013
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Bhavani KashyapDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-3015, USA.
Ruth A Frey
Deborah L Stenkamp
University of Idaho · US

Funding

UNDERGRADUATE COLLEGE OUTREACH PROGRAMP20RR016454 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO · PI CHASE, JENNIFER R · 2001 to 2011
$35.3M
TRANSCRIPTIONAL ATTENUATION OF THE TYPE I INTERFERON RESPONSE BY RHINOVIRUSP20RR015587 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO · PI BOHACH, GREGORY A · 2000 to 2009
$19.0M
Patterning Genes in Retinal DevelopmentR01EY012146 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO · PI Deborah L Stenkamp · 2004 to 2026
$6.7M
NCRR NIH HHS P20 RR015587NCRR NIH HHS P20 RR016454NEI NIH HHS R01 EY012146
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMicrophthalmia (reduced eye size), generally accompanied by vision defects, is a hallmark of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in humans. In zebrafish, embryonic ethanol exposure over the time of retinal neurogenesis also results in microphthalmia. This microphthalmia is in part the consequence of reduced retinal cell differentiation, including photoreceptors. Here we pursue 2 signaling pathways implicated in other aspects of FASD pathogenesis: retinoic acid (RA) and Sonic hedgehog (Shh).

methodsWe evaluated markers for RA and Shh signaling within the eyes of embryos treated with ethanol during the period of retinal neurogenesis. We also performed rescue experiments using administration of exogenous RA and microinjection of cholesterol, which augments Shh signaling.

resultsUsing sequential or co-treatments, RA did not rescue ethanol-induced microphthalmia at any concentration tested. In addition, RA itself caused microphthalmia, although the underlying mechanisms were distinct from those of ethanol. Interestingly, RA treatment appeared to recover photoreceptor differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. This may be an independent effect of exogenous RA, as ethanol treatment alone did not alter RA signaling in the eye. Cholesterol injection also did not rescue ethanol-induced microphthalmia at any concentration tested, and ethanol treatments did not alter expression of shh, or of ptc-2, which is normally regulated by Shh signaling.

conclusionsTogether these findings indicate that, during the time of retinal neurogenesis, effects of ethanol on eye development are likely independent of the RA and Shh signaling pathways. These studies suggest that FASD intervention strategies based upon augmentation of RA or Shh signaling may not prevent ethanol-induced microphthalmia.

Indexed as

NeurogenesisAbnormalities, Drug-InducedAcridine OrangeAnimalsCentral Nervous System DepressantsDose-Response Relationship, DrugEmbryo, NonmammalianEthanolFemaleHedgehog ProteinsMicrophthalmosRetinaSignal TransductionTransgenesTretinoinVitaminsAcridine OrangeCentral Nervous System DepressantsEthanolHedgehog ProteinsTretinoinVitamins

Identifiers

PMID21554333
PMCPMC3373001
OpenAlexW1886582022

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.