ArticleClinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil)2011
What necessitates the conversion to open cholecystectomy? A retrospective analysis of 5164 consecutive laparoscopic operations.
Article in Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05366907 (Open Cholecystectomy Among Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in a Tertiary Care Centre), which is not on this map. Cited by 34 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Open Cholecystectomy Among Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Critical view of safety approach vs. infundibular technique in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which one is safer? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Updates in surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Preoperative Risk Factors for Conversion from Laparoscopic to Open Cholecystectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Laparoscopic versus open surgery for adhesional small bowel obstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies.Surgical endoscopy · 2019Pooled it
- Laparoscopic Repair for Perforated Peptic Ulcer Disease Has Better Outcomes Than Open Repair.Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract · 2019Pooled it
- Same-admission versus delayed cholecystectomy for mild acute biliary pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC surgery · 2018Pooled it
- Efficiency in image-guided robotic and conventional camera steering: a prospective randomized controlled trial.Surgical endoscopy · 2022Trial
- Same-Admission Cholecystectomy Is Safe and Effective for Patients with Concurrent Choledocholithiasis and Cholangitis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- 30-day Morbidity and Mortality after Cholecystectomy for Benign Gallbladder Disease (AMBROSE): A Prospective, International Collaborative Cohort Study.Annals of surgery · 2025Observational
- Bailout for the Difficult Gallbladder: Subtotal vs. Open Cholecystectomy-A Retrospective Tertiary Care Center Experience.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Article
- The effects of previous abdominal surgery and the utilisation of modified access techniques on the operative difficulty and outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and bile duct exploration.Surgical endoscopy · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- When Critical View of Safety Fails: A Practical Perspective on Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Laparoscopic modified fundus-down cholecystectomy technique: an alternative method for performing a safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy: how to article.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- Laparoscopic Management of Cholecystoduodenal and Cholecystocolic Fistula: A Clinical Case Report.Cureus · 2023Article
- Open Cholecystectomy among Patients undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2022Article
- Video-based fully automatic assessment of open surgery suturing skills.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2022Article
- Laparoscopic 'D2 first' approach for obscure gallbladders.Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery · 2021Article
- Fluorescent cholangiography significantly improves patient outcomes for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Surgical endoscopy · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveLaparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the gold standard for the surgical treatment of gallbladder disease, but conversion to open cholecystectomy is still inevitable in certain cases. Knowledge of the rate and impact of the underlying reasons for conversion could help surgeons during preoperative assessment and improve the informed consent of patients. We decided to review the rate and causes of conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy.
methodThis study included all laparoscopic cholecystectomies due to gallstone disease undertaken from May 1999 to June 2010. The exclusion criteria were malignancy and/or existence of gallbladder polyps detected pathologically. Patient demographics, indications for cholecystectomy, concomitant diseases, and histories of previous abdominal surgery were collected. The rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy, the underlying reasons for conversion, and postoperative complications were also analyzed.
resultsOf 5382 patients for whom LC was attempted, 5164 were included this study. The overall rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy was 3.16% (163 patients). There were 84 male and 79 female patients; the mean age was 52.04 years (range: 26-85). The conversion rates in male and female patients were 5.6% and 2.2%, respectively (p < 0.001). The most common reasons for conversion were severe adhesions caused by tissue inflammation (97 patients) and fibrosis of Calot's triangle (12 patients). The overall postoperative morbidity rate was found to be 16.3% in patients who were converted to open surgery.
conclusionMale gender was found to be the only statistically significant risk factor for conversion in our series. LC can be safely performed with a conversion rate of less than 5% in all patient groups.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.