ArticlePharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior2011
Powerful behavioral interactions between methamphetamine and morphine.
Article in Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The need to incorporate polysubstance use in neuropsychopharmacology research: Biological lessons and new opportunities.Addiction neuroscience · 2026Article
- Fentanyl, Methamphetamine and Polysubstance Use Differentially Affect Locomotor Sensitisation and Social Behaviour in Rats: Psychedelic Treatment Reverses Social Deficits.Addiction biology · 2026Article
- Multiple memory object-drug association task (MODAT) for the study of polydrug associations.Addiction neuroscience · 2025Article
- Fentanyl self-administration is accelerated by methamphetamine co-use and results in worsened hypodopaminergia in male, but not female rats.The European journal of neuroscience · 2024Article
- Long-term wastewater-based surveillance and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on drug use trends in a U.S. Northeast rural town.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Hyperactivity in Mice Induced by Opioid Agonists with Partial Intrinsic Efficacy and Biased Agonism Administered Alone and in Combination with Morphine.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Polysubstance use in young people accessing residential and day-treatment services for substance use: substance use profiles, psychiatric comorbidity and treatment completion.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
- The Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates of Ketum (Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Modeling Stimulant and Opioid Co-use in Rats Provided Concurrent Access to Methamphetamine and Fentanyl.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Goofballing of Opioid and Methamphetamine: The Science Behind the Deadly Cocktail.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Adult-Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Symptoms Seem Not to Influence the Outcome of an Enhanced Agonist Opioid Treatment: A 30-Year Follow-Up.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Poly-prescription drug misuse across the life course: Prevalence and correlates across different adult age cohorts in the U.S.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
- Cognitive Impairment in Opium Use Disorder.Behavioural neurology · 2021Article
- Impact of Morphine Dependence and Withdrawal on the Reinforcing Effectiveness of Fentanyl, Cocaine, and Methamphetamine in Rats.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Dopamine Circuit Mechanisms of Addiction-Like Behaviors.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2021Review
- Polysubstance Use among Patients Enrolling in Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program in a Vietnam Province with Drug-Driven HIV Epidemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Prescription opioid misuse among middle-aged and older adults in the United States, 2015-2016.Preventive medicine · 2019Article
- The role of nonmuscle myosin II in polydrug memories and memory reconsolidation.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2018Article
- Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Long-term Concurrent Use of Stimulants and Opioids Among Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.JAMA network open · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Use of drugs of abuse in combination is common among recreational users and addicts. The combination of a psychomotor stimulant with an opiate, known as a 'speedball,' reportedly produces greater effects than either drug alone and has been responsible for numerous deaths. Historically, the most popular speedball combination is that of cocaine and heroin. However, with the growing popularity of methamphetamine in recent years, there has been increased use of this drug in combination with other drugs of abuse, including opiates. Despite this, relatively little research has examined interactions between methamphetamine and opiates. In the current research, behavioral interactions between methamphetamine and the prototypical opiate, morphine, were examined across a variety of dose combinations in Sprague-Dawley rats. The combination of methamphetamine and morphine produced stimulation of behavior that was dramatically higher than either drug alone; however, the magnitude of the interaction was dependent on the dose of the drugs and the specific behaviors examined. The results demonstrate complex behavioral interactions between these drugs, but are consistent with the idea that this combination is used because it produces a greater effect than either drug alone.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.