ReviewPhysiology & behavior2011
The reinforcement-enhancing effects of nicotine: implications for the relationship between smoking, eating and weight.
Review in Physiology & behavior, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Naltrexone reduction of long-term smoking cessation weight gain in women but not men: a randomized controlled trial.Biological psychiatry · 2013Trial
- Acute nicotine differentially impacts anticipatory valence- and magnitude-related striatal activity.Biological psychiatry · 2013Trial
- Cigarette smoking predicts differential benefit from naltrexone for alcohol dependence.Biological psychiatry · 2012Trial
- Extended duration therapy with transdermal nicotine may attenuate weight gain following smoking cessation.Addictive behaviors · 2012Trial
- Effect of thought suppression on desire to smoke and tobacco withdrawal symptoms.Psychopharmacology · 2012Trial
- Nicotine in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence.Neurochemical research · 2026Review
- Long-term sugar consumption alters extracellular dopamine and acetylcholine levels in the nucleus accumbens shell.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Association of a Lifestyle Risk Index With Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in the German National Cohort (NAKO).Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Article
- Targeting GLP-1 receptors to reduce nicotine use disorder: Preclinical and clinical evidence.Physiology & behavior · 2024Review
- Liraglutide attenuates nicotine self-administration as well as nicotine seeking and hyperphagia during withdrawal in male and female rats.Psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Reinforcement enhancement by nicotine: A novel abuse-liability assessment of e-cigarettes in young adults.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Current Status and Influencing Factors of Eating Behavior in Residents at the Age of 18~60: A Cross-Sectional Study in China.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Article
- Varenicline rescues nicotine-induced decrease in motivation for sucrose reinforcement.Behavioural brain research · 2021Article
- Suppressive and enhancing effects of nicotine on food-seeking behavior.Behavioural brain research · 2018Article
- Effects of nicotine on homeostatic and hedonic components of food intake.The Journal of endocrinology · 2017Review
- Cessation-related weight concern among homeless male and female smokers.Preventive medicine reports · 2017Article
- Nicotine Acutely Enhances Reinforcement from Non-Drug Rewards in Humans.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2017Review
- Smoking status and psychosocial factors in binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa.Eating behaviors · 2016Article
- The Novel Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2 Positive Allosteric Modulator, AZD8529, Decreases Nicotine Self-Administration and Relapse in Squirrel Monkeys.Biological psychiatry · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Concerns about body weight represent an important barrier to public health efforts aimed at reducing smoking. Epidemiological studies have found that current smokers weigh less than non-smokers, smoking cessation results in weight gain, and weight restriction is commonly cited as a reason for smoking. The mechanisms underlying the relationship between smoking and weight are complex and may involve a number of factors including changes in caloric intake, physical activity, metabolic rate, and lipogenesis. Amongst these possible mechanisms, nicotine-induced enhancement of food reinforcement may be particularly important. In this paper, we first review data from our laboratory that highlight two distinct ways in which nicotine impacts reinforced behavior: 1) by acting as a primary reinforcer; and 2) by directly (non-associatively) enhancing the reinforcing effects of other stimuli. We then elaborate on the reinforcement-enhancing effects of nicotine as they pertain to behaviors and stimuli related to food. Data from both laboratory animals and humans support the assertion that nicotine enhances the reinforcing efficacy of food and suggest that the influence of these effects on eating may be most important after nicotine cessation when nicotine's effects on satiety subside. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and clinical implications of this perspective for understanding and addressing the apparent tradeoff between smoking and weight gain. Better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the reinforcement-enhancing effects of nicotine broadly, and the effects on food reinforcement per se, may aid in the development of new treatments with better long term outcomes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.