ArticleBMC microbiology2011
A quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay for mature C. albicans biofilms.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advanced Dental Composite Technology via Bisilanized Dual-Action Nanofillers for Biofilm Control.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Biofilm-Associated Candidiasis: Pathogenesis, Prevalence, Challenges and Therapeutic Options.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating farnesol evaluated in vivo against Candida albicans.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024Article
- Quantification methods ofMicrobial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2024Article
- High-Throughput Rapid and Inexpensive Assay for Quantitative Determination of Low Cell-Density Yeast Cultures.Microorganisms · 2019Article
- Quantitative assessment of individual populations within polymicrobial biofilms.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- S. oralis activates the Efg1 filamentation pathway in C. albicans to promote cross-kingdom interactions and mucosal biofilms.Virulence · 2017Article
- Inhibition ofJournal of dental sciences · 2016Article
- Antiproliferation of Berberine in Combination with Fluconazole from the Perspectives of Reactive Oxygen Species, Ergosterol and Drug Efflux in a Fluconazole-ResistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
- PCR-based techniques for leprosy diagnosis: from the laboratory to the clinic.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Review
- Streptococcal co-infection augments Candida pathogenicity by amplifying the mucosal inflammatory response.Cellular microbiology · 2014Article
- Streptococcus gordonii glucosyltransferase promotes biofilm interactions with Candida albicans.Journal of oral microbiology · 2014Article
- Article
- Candida albicans biofilms do not trigger reactive oxygen species and evade neutrophil killing.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2012Article
- Synergistic interaction between Candida albicans and commensal oral streptococci in a novel in vitro mucosal model.Infection and immunity · 2012Article
- Article
- Development of an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay applied to the Botrytis cinerea quantification in tissues of postharvest fruits.BMC microbiology · 2011Article
- Evaluation of caries-associated virulence of biofilms from Candida albicans isolated from saliva of pediatric patients with sickle-cell anemia.Journal of applied oral science : revista FOBArticle
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFungal biofilms are more resistant to anti-fungal drugs than organisms in planktonic form. Traditionally, susceptibility of biofilms to anti-fungal agents has been measured using the 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide (XTT) assay, which measures the ability of metabolically active cells to convert tetrazolium dyes into colored formazan derivatives. However, this assay has limitations when applied to high C. albicans cell densities because substrate concentration and solubility are limiting factors in the reaction. Because mature biofilms are composed of high cell density populations we sought to develop a quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay (qRT-PCR) that could accurately assess mature biofilm changes in response to a wide variety of anti-fungal agents, including host immune cells.
resultsThe XTT and qRT-PCR assays were in good agreement when biofilm changes were measured in planktonic cultures or in early biofilms which contain lower cell densities. However, the real-time qRT-PCR assay could also accurately quantify small-medium size changes in mature biofilms caused by mechanical biomass reduction, antifungal drugs or immune effector cells, that were not accurately quantifiable with the XTT assay.
conclusionsWe conclude that the qRT-PCR assay is more accurate than the XTT assay when measuring small-medium size effects of anti-fungal agents against mature biofilms. This assay is also more appropriate when mature biofilm susceptibility to anti-fungal agents is tested on complex biological surfaces, such as organotypic cultures.
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