ArticleRespiratory research2011
GDF-15 is abundantly expressed in plexiform lesions in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and affects proliferation and apoptosis of pulmonary endothelial cells.
Article in Respiratory research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasma GDF-15 and PSP-D Predict the Development of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Systemic Sclerosis.Pulmonary circulation · 2026Article
- Predicting Response to Switching From Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor to Riociguat in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Biomarker and Responder Analysis of the RESPITE and REPLACE Studies.Pulmonary circulation · 2025Article
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Induces Gastric Fundus Contraction Involving Cholinergic Excitation: Morphofunctional Evidence in Rodent Models.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Transforming growth factor-β superfamily members as potential biomarkers for adolescent major depressive disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics reveals predominantly inflammatory endothelial cell responses and suppressed vascular repair in silicosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Preacinar Arterial Dilation Mediates Outcomes of Quantitative Interstitial Abnormalities in the COPDGene Study.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Lung Epithelium Releases Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Response to Pathogen-mediated Injury.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2024Article
- GDF15 as a key disease target and biomarker: linking chronic lung diseases and ageing.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024Review
- Cell Death in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.International journal of medical sciences · 2024Review
- Identification of a distinct cluster of GDF15Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Loss of growth differentiation factor 15 exacerbates lung injury in neonatal mice.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2023Article
- Human liver single nuclear RNA sequencing implicates BMPR2, GDF15, arginine, and estrogen in portopulmonary hypertension.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Role of the Stress- and Inflammation-Induced Cytokine GDF-15 in Cardiovascular Diseases: From Basic Research to Clinical Relevance.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Altered circulating GDF-15 level predicts sex hormone imbalance in males with major depressive disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Correlation between serum GDF-15 level and pulmonary vascular morphological changes and prognosis in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- The diagnostic and prognostic value of growth differentiation factor-15 in systemic lupus erythematosus-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension.Pulmonary circulation · 2023Article
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15) Levels Associate with Lower Survival in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with COVID-19.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- A narrative review of research advances in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.Annals of translational medicine · 2022Review
- Circulating Blood-Based Biomarkers in Pulmonary Hypertension.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Clinical features and metabolic reprogramming of atherosclerotic lesions in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGrowth-differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress-responsive, transforming growth factor-β-related cytokine, which has recently been reported to be elevated in serum of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). The aim of the study was to examine the expression and biological roles of GDF-15 in the lung of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
methodsGDF-15 expression in normal lungs and lung specimens of PAH patients were studied by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Using laser-assisted micro-dissection, GDF-15 expression was further analyzed within vascular compartments of PAH lungs. To elucidate the role of GDF-15 on endothelial cells, human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMEC) were exposed to hypoxia and laminar shear stress. The effects of GDF-15 on the proliferation and cell death of HPMEC were studied using recombinant GDF-15 protein.
resultsGDF-15 expression was found to be increased in lung specimens from PAH patients, compared to normal lungs. GDF-15 was abundantly expressed in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells with a strong signal in the core of plexiform lesions. HPMEC responded with marked upregulation of GDF-15 to hypoxia and laminar shear stress. Apoptotic cell death of HPMEC was diminished, whereas HPMEC proliferation was either increased or decreased depending of the concentration of recombinant GDF-15 protein.
conclusionsGDF-15 expression is increased in PAH lungs and appears predominantly located in vascular endothelial cells. The expression pattern as well as the observed effects on proliferation and apoptosis of pulmonary endothelial cells suggest a role of GDF-15 in the homeostasis of endothelial cells in PAH patients.
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