ArticlePloS one2011
Low digit ratio 2D:4D in alcohol dependent patients.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Digit ratio (2D:4D) and transgender identity: new original data and a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2020Pooled it
- Digit ratio (2D:4D) in relation to substance and computer use: a meta-analysis.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2019Pooled it
- Digit ratio (2D:4D) and academic success as measured by achievement in the academic degree "Habilitation".PloS one · 2019Trial
- Genetic association suggests that SMOC1 mediates between prenatal sex hormones and digit ratio.Human genetics · 2013Trial
- Prenatal Hormonal Markers in Neurodevelopment: The 2D:4D Digit Ratio in Children with Tic DisordersTurk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry · 2026Observational
- Sex-specific association between prenatal androgenization (second-to-fourth digit length ratio) and frontal brain volumes in adolescents.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2023Article
- Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Is Not Associated with Alzheimer's Disease in the Elderly.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- The Ratio of Second and Fourth Digit Length: A Biomarker for Methamphetamine Dependence?Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Second-to-Fourth Digit Ratio (2D:4D) in Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review of Case-control Studies.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Review
- Effectiveness of a mindfulness-oriented substance use prevention program for boys with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Basic Human Body Dimensions Relate to Alcohol Dependence and Predict Hospital Readmission.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Article
- Child sexual offenders show prenatal and epigenetic alterations of the androgen system.Translational psychiatry · 2019Article
- Lower Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Indicative of Excess Prenatal Androgen Is Associated With Increased Sociability and Greater Social Capital.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2019Article
- Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction in Pregnancy: an App-Based Programme to Improve the Health of Mothers and Children (MINDFUL/PMI Study).Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2018Article
- Cross-national gender variations of digit ratio (2D:4D) correlate with life expectancy, suicide rate, and other causes of death.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2018Article
- Factors Statistically Predicting At-Risk/Problematic Internet Use in a Sample of Young Adolescent Boys and Girls in South Korea.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2018Article
- Low second to fourth digit ratio in Dupuytren disease.Medicine · 2017Observational
- The relationship between second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratios and problematic and pathological Internet use among Turkish university students.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2017Article
- Prenatal androgen-receptor activity has organizational morphological effects in mice.PloS one · 2017Article
- Low digit ratio (2D:4D) in male suicide victims.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The ratio of the lengths of the second and fourth finger (2D∶4D) has been described as reflecting the degree of prenatal androgen exposure in humans. 2D∶4D is smaller for males than females and is associated with traits such as left-handedness, physical aggression, attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and a genetic polymorphism of the androgen receptor. All of these traits are known to be correlated to the vulnerability for alcohol dependency. We therefore hypothesized low 2D∶4D in patients with alcohol dependency. In the present study on 131 patients suffering from alcohol dependency and 185 healthy volunteers, we found that alcohol dependent patients had smaller 2D∶4D ratios compared to controls with preserved sexual dimorphism but with reduced right-left differences. The detection of alcohol dependency based on 2D∶4D ratios was most accurate using the right hand of males (ROC-analysis: AUC 0.725, sensitivity 0.667, specificity 0.723). These findings provide novel insights into the role of prenatal androgen exposure in the development of alcohol dependency and for the use of 2D∶4D as a possible trait marker in identifying patients with alcohol dependency.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.