SynthesisThe international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity2011
GIS measured environmental correlates of active school transport: a systematic review of 14 studies.
Synthesis in The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Associations between parental perceptions of neighbourhood environment and physical activity in children and adolescents: a systematic review including 149 studies.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Children's outdoor active mobility behaviour and neighbourhood safety: a systematic review in measurement methods and future research directions.International journal of health geographics · 2021Pooled it
- Associations of objectively measured built-environment attributes with youth moderate-vigorous physical activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2015Pooled it
- Active school transport in an urban environment:prevalence and perceived barriers.BMC public health · 2023Trial
- The influence of the built environment on outcomes from a "walking school bus study": a cross-sectional analysis using geographical information systems.Geospatial health · 2014Trial
- Assessing the environmental characteristics of cycling routes to school: a study on the reliability and validity of a Google Street View-based audit.International journal of health geographics · 2014Trial
- Prevalence and correlates of active transportation to campus among Canadian post-secondary students: evidence from the Canadian Campus Wellbeing Survey.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- A Systematic Review of the Bibliometrics and Methodological Research Used on Studies Focused on School Neighborhood Built Environment and the Physical Health of Children and Adolescents.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Modifying urban planning to promote child health: A scoping review of reviews.Health promotion perspectives · 2024Review
- Associations between school-level environment and individual-level factors of walking and cycling to school in Canadian youth.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Active School Commuting in School Children: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence and Future Research Implications.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Article
- Systematic Review of Active Travel to School Surveillance in the United States and Canada.Journal of healthy eating and active living · 2023Article
- Validating the Perceived Active School Travel Enablers and Barriers-Parent (PASTEB-P) Questionnaire to Support Intervention Programming and Research.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Child pedestrian and cyclist injuries, and the built and social environment across Canadian cities: the Child Active Transportation Safety and the Environment Study (CHASE).Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2022Article
- Association between Urban Built Environments and Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity of Adolescents: A Cross-Lagged Study in Shanghai, China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Associations between Children's Physical Activity and Neighborhood Environments Using GIS: A Secondary Analysis from a Systematic Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- School-Level Economic Disparities in Police-Reported Crimes and Active Commuting to School.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEmerging frameworks to examine active school transportation (AST) commonly emphasize the built environment (BE) as having an influence on travel mode decisions. Objective measures of BE attributes have been recommended for advancing knowledge about the influence of the BE on school travel mode choice. An updated systematic review on the relationships between GIS-measured BE attributes and AST is required to inform future research in this area. The objectives of this review are: i) to examine and summarize the relationships between objectively measured BE features and AST in children and adolescents and ii) to critically discuss GIS methodologies used in this context.
methodsSix electronic databases, and websites were systematically searched, and reference lists were searched and screened to identify studies examining AST in students aged five to 18 and reporting GIS as an environmental measurement tool. Fourteen cross-sectional studies were identified. The analyses were classified in terms of density, diversity, and design and further differentiated by the measures used or environmental condition examined.
resultsOnly distance was consistently found to be negatively associated with AST. Consistent findings of positive or negative associations were not found for land use mix, residential density, and intersection density. Potential modifiers of any relationship between these attributes and AST included age, school travel mode, route direction (e.g., to/from school), and trip-end (home or school). Methodological limitations included inconsistencies in geocoding, selection of study sites, buffer methods and the shape of zones (Modifiable Areal Unit Problem [MAUP]), the quality of road and pedestrian infrastructure data, and school route estimation.
conclusionsThe inconsistent use of spatial concepts limits the ability to draw conclusions about the relationship between objectively measured environmental attributes and AST. Future research should explore standardizing buffer size, assess the quality of street network datasets and, if necessary, customize existing datasets, and explore further attributes linked to safety.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.