ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2011
Food reinforcement, energy intake, and macronutrient choice.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00962117 (Food Reinforcement Genotype Interactions and Eating), which is not on this map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Food Reinforcement Genotype Interactions and Eating
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurobehavioural correlates of body mass index and eating behaviours in adults: a systematic review.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2013Pooled it
- Evaluation of a child food reward task and its association with maternal feeding practices.PloS one · 2021Trial
- The consequences of exercise-induced weight loss on food reinforcement. A randomized controlled trial.PloS one · 2020Trial
- Inducing incentive sensitization of exercise reinforcement among adults who do not regularly exercise-A randomized controlled trial.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Energy compensation in response to aerobic exercise training in overweight adults.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2018Trial
- Factors influencing the reinforcing value of fruit and unhealthy snacks.European journal of nutrition · 2017Trial
- Impact of Dietary Protein and Gender on Food Reinforcement.Nutrients · 2017Trial
- Link Between Increased Satiety Gut Hormones and Reduced Food Reward After Gastric Bypass Surgery for Obesity.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Article
- Early Reward Learning and the Origins of Obesity: Food, Non-Food Reward, and Developing Self-Regulation.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Children's satiety responsiveness moderates the association between food reinforcement and eating in the absence of hunger.Physiology & behavior · 2025Article
- Sensitization of the reinforcing value of food is associated with greater BMI percentile in lower income adolescents.Appetite · 2025Observational
- Improving the diagnosis of hyperphagia in melanocortin-4 receptor pathway diseases.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Review
- Added Sugar Intake from Infant Formula and Complementary Foods: A Longitudinal Investigation and Implications for Infant Weight Gain.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Using Metabolic Testing to Personalize Behavioral Obesity Treatment.Obesity science & practice · 2025Article
- A Feasibility Study of a Music Enrichment Program on Relative Reinforcing Value of Food and Home Environmental Enrichment among Families of Low Socioeconomic Status.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Reducing the Relative Reinforcing Value of Food in Adult Patients With Obesity Pursuing Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: Protocol for a Pilot, Within-Participants, Sham-Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Associations of food reinforcement and food- related inhibitory control with adiposity and weight gain in children and adolescents.Physiology & behavior · 2023Article
- Insulin Resistance and Glycated Hemoglobin in Obesity Are Associated With Preference for Sugar-Sweetened Yogurt: A Pilot Study.Psychosomatic medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFood is a powerful reinforcer that motivates people to eat. The relative reinforcing value of food (RRV(food)) is associated with obesity and energy intake and interacts with impulsivity to predict energy intake.
objectiveHow RRV(food) is related to macronutrient choice in ad libitum eating tasks in humans has not been studied; however, animal research suggests that sugar or simple carbohydrates may be a determinant of reward value in food. This study assessed which macronutrients are associated with food reinforcement.
designTwo hundred seventy-three adults with various body mass indexes were assessed for RRV(food), the relative reinforcing value of reading, food hedonics, energy intake in an ad libitum taste test, and usual energy intake derived from repeated 24-h dietary recalls. Multiple regression was used to assess the relation between predictors of total energy and energy associated with macronutrient intake after control for age, sex, income, education, minority status, and other macronutrient intakes.
resultsThe results showed that the relative proportion of responding for food compared with reading (RRV(prop)) was positively related to body mass index, laboratory-measured energy intake, and usual energy intake. In addition, RRV(prop) was a predictor of sugar intake but not of total carbohydrate, fat, or protein intake.
conclusionThese results are consistent with basic animal research showing that sugar is related to food reward and with the hypothesis that food reward processes are more strongly related to eating than are food hedonics. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00962117.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.