Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21540548›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2011

Lipoxygenase mediates invasion of intrametastatic lymphatic vessels and propagates lymph node metastasis of human mammary carcinoma xenografts in mouse.

Dontscho Kerjaschki, Zsuzsanna Bago-Horvath, Margaretha Rudas, Veronika Sexl, Christine Schneckenleithner, Susanne Wolbank, Gregor Bartel, Sigurd Krieger, Romana Kalt, Brigitte Hantusch and 28 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
93citing papers in PubMed
8.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

93 citing papers in PubMed, 191 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  6. Lymphatic transport in anti-tumor immunity and metastasis.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025
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  16. Molecular Profiling of Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Activation In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
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33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

38 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.

Dontscho KerjaschkiClinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. dontscho.kerjaschki@meduniwien.ac.at
Zsuzsanna Bago-Horvath
Margaretha Rudas
Veronika Sexl
Christine Schneckenleithner
Susanne Wolbank
Gregor Bartel
Sigurd Krieger
Romana Kalt
Brigitte Hantusch
Thomas Keller
Katalin Nagy-Bojarszky
Nicole Huttary
Ingrid Raab
Karin Lackner
Katharina Krautgasser
Helga Schachner
Klaus Kaserer
Sandra Rezar
Sybille Madlener
Caroline Vonach
Agnes Davidovits
Hitonari Nosaka
Monika Hämmerle
Katharina Viola
Helmut Dolznig
Martin Schreiber
Alexander Nader
Wolfgang Mikulits
Michael Gnant
Satoshi Hirakawa
Michael Detmar
Kari Alitalo
Sebastian Nijman
Felix Offner
Thorsten J Maier
Dieter Steinhilber
Georg Krupitza
Medical University of Vienna · ATAustrian Academy of Sciences · ATEhime University · JPETH Zurich · CHHanusch Hospital · ATLudwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology · ATUniversity of Helsinki · FIUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Vienna · AT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In individuals with mammary carcinoma, the most relevant prognostic predictor of distant organ metastasis and clinical outcome is the status of axillary lymph node metastasis. Metastases form initially in axillary sentinel lymph nodes and progress via connecting lymphatic vessels into postsentinel lymph nodes. However, the mechanisms of consecutive lymph node colonization are unknown. Through the analysis of human mammary carcinomas and their matching axillary lymph nodes, we show here that intrametastatic lymphatic vessels and bulk tumor cell invasion into these vessels highly correlate with formation of postsentinel metastasis. In an in vitro model of tumor bulk invasion, human mammary carcinoma cells caused circular defects in lymphatic endothelial monolayers. These circular defects were highly reminiscent of defects of the lymphovascular walls at sites of tumor invasion in vivo and were primarily generated by the tumor-derived arachidonic acid metabolite 12S-HETE following 15-lipoxygenase-1 (ALOX15) catalysis. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition and shRNA knockdown of ALOX15 each repressed formation of circular defects in vitro. Importantly, ALOX15 knockdown antagonized formation of lymph node metastasis in xenografted tumors. Furthermore, expression of lipoxygenase in human sentinel lymph node metastases correlated inversely with metastasis-free survival. These results provide evidence that lipoxygenase serves as a mediator of tumor cell invasion into lymphatic vessels and formation of lymph node metastasis in ductal mammary carcinomas.

Indexed as

12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic AcidAnimalsArachidonate 12-LipoxygenaseArachidonate 15-LipoxygenaseCarcinomaCarcinoma, Ductal, BreastCell Line, TumorCoculture TechniquesFemaleHumansLipoxygenaseLymphatic MetastasisMammary Neoplasms, AnimalMiceMultienzyme ComplexesNeoplasm Metastasis12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic AcidALOX15 protein, humanAlox15 protein, mouseArachidonate 12-LipoxygenaseArachidonate 15-LipoxygenaseLipoxygenaseMultienzyme Complexes

Identifiers

PMID21540548
PMCPMC3083794
OpenAlexW2118796046

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.