Trial reportEuropean journal of applied physiology2012
Self-paced intermittent-sprint performance and pacing strategies following respective pre-cooling and heating.
Trial report in European journal of applied physiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Performance Benefits of Pre- and Per-cooling on Self-paced Versus Constant Workload Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Pooled it
- A Matter of Degrees: A Systematic Review of the Ergogenic Effect of Pre-Cooling in Highly Trained Athletes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Efficacy of Heat Mitigation Strategies on Core Temperature and Endurance Exercise: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2019Pooled it
- Precooling methods and their effects on athletic performance : a systematic review and practical applications.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2013Pooled it
- Associations Between Match-Play Characteristics and Environmental Temperatures in 4 Professional Football Leagues.European journal of sport science · 2025Article
- Precooling via immersion in COTemperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2024Article
- Effects of different external cooling placements prior to and during exercise on athletic performance in the heat: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Effect of regular precooling on adaptation to training in the heat.European journal of applied physiology · 2020Article
- Heat-related issues and practical applications for Paralympic athletes at Tokyo 2020.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2020Review
- Independent or simultaneous lowering of core and skin temperature has no impact on self-paced intermittent running performance in hot conditions.European journal of applied physiology · 2019Article
- The effects of lower body passive heating combined with mixed-method cooling during half-time on second-half intermittent sprint performance in the heat.European journal of applied physiology · 2019Article
- Precooling, Hyperthermia, and Postexercise Cooling Rates in Humans Wearing American Football Uniforms.Journal of athletic training · 2019Article
- Lower-Limb Passive Heat Maintenance Combined With Pre-cooling Improves Repeated Sprint Ability.Frontiers in physiology · 2018Article
- Skin Temperature Measurement Using Contact Thermometry: A Systematic Review of Setup Variables and Their Effects on Measured Values.Frontiers in physiology · 2018Review
- Is recovery driven by central or peripheral factors? A role for the brain in recovery following intermittent-sprint exercise.Frontiers in physiology · 2014Review
- Duration-dependant response of mixed-method pre-cooling for intermittent-sprint exercise in the heat.European journal of applied physiology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study examined the effects of pre-exercise cooling and heating on neuromuscular function, pacing and intermittent-sprint performance in the heat. Ten male, team sport athletes completed three randomized, counterbalanced conditions including a thermo-neutral environment (CONT), whole body submersion in an ice bath (ICE) and passive heating in a hot environment (HEAT) before 50 min of intermittent-sprint exercise (ISE) in the heat (31 + 1°C). Exercise involved repeated 15 m maximal sprints and self-paced exercise of varying intensities. Performance was measured by sprint times and distance covered during self-paced exercise. Maximal isometric contractions were performed to determine the maximal voluntary torque (MVT), activation (VA) and contractile properties. Physiological measures included heart rate (HR), core (T (core)) and skin (T (skin)) temperatures, capillary blood and perceptual ratings. Mean sprint times were slower during ICE compared to HEAT (P < 0.05). Total distance covered was not different between conditions, but less distance was covered during HEAT in 31-40 min compared to CONT, and 41-50 min compared to ICE (P < 0.05). MVT was reduced post-exercise compared to post-intervention in CONT and HEAT. VA was reduced post-intervention in HEAT compared to CONT and ICE, and post-exercise compared to ICE (P < 0.05). HR, T (core) and T (skin) during exercise were lower in ICE compared to CONT and HEAT (P < 0.05). Sprint times and distance covered were not affected by ICE and HEAT conditions compared to CONT. However, initial sprint performance was slowed by pre-cooling, with improvements following passive heating possibly due to altered contractile properties. Conversely, pre-cooling improved exercise intensities, whilst HEAT resulted in greater declines in muscle recruitment and ensuing distance covered.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.