Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21536141›Full record

ReviewNeurobiology of learning and memory2011

Is an epigenetic switch the key to persistent extinction?

James M Stafford, K Matthew Lattal

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Neurobiology of learning and memory, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Stress, associative learning, and decision-making.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2023
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Plasticity of Functional MAOA Gene Methylation in Acrophobia.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2018
    Article
  9. General Anesthesia and Young Brain: What is New?Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology · 2018
    Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Neocortical Tet3-mediated accumulation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine promotes rapid behavioral adaptation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Histone-mediated epigenetics in addiction.Progress in molecular biology and translational science · 2014
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

James M StaffordDepartment of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States.
K Matthew Lattal
Oregon Health & Science University · US

Funding

Behavioral and Epigenetic Mechanisms in Extinction of Cocaine-Induced MemoriesR01DA025922 · NIDA · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI LATTAL, K MATTHEW, WOOD, MARCELO ANDRES · 2008 to 2018
$5.1M
Temporal factors in extinction and spontaneous recoveryR01MH077111 · NIMH · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI LATTAL, K MATTHEW · 2006 to 2010
$1.3M
Behavioral and Molecular Analysis of Chromatin Modifications in Memory RetrievalF31MH087031 · NIMH · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI STAFFORD, JAMES M · 2010 to 2012
$84k
NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA025922NIDA NIH HHS R01DA025922NIMH NIH HHS F31 MH087031NIMH NIH HHS F31MH087031NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH077111NIMH NIH HHS R01MH077111
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Many studies of learning have demonstrated that conditioned behavior can be eliminated when previously established relations between stimuli are severed. This extinction process has been extremely important for the development of learning theories and, more recently, for delineating the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie memory. A key finding from behavioral studies of extinction is that extinction eliminates behavior without eliminating the original memory; extinguished behavior often returns with time or with a return to the context in which the original learning occurred. This persistence of the original memory after extinction creates a challenge for clinical applications that use extinction as part of a treatment intervention. Consequently, a goal of recent neurobiological research on extinction is to identify potential pharmacological targets that may result in persistent extinction. Drugs that promote epigenetic changes are particularly promising because they can result in a long-term molecular signal that, combined with the appropriate behavioral treatment, can cause persistent changes in behavior induced by extinction. We will review evidence demonstrating extinction enhancements by drugs that target epigenetic mechanisms and will describe some of the challenges that epigenetic approaches face in promoting persistent suppression of memories.

Indexed as

Epigenesis, GeneticAnimalsBehavior, AnimalConditioning, PsychologicalExtinction, PsychologicalFearMemory

Identifiers

PMID21536141
PMCPMC3111857
OpenAlexW1986197406

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.