ArticlePloS one2011
Bordetella pertussis infection exacerbates influenza virus infection through pertussis toxin-mediated suppression of innate immunity.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pathogens as commensals: microbial priming of the immune system and heterologous protection.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2026Review
- Preliminary epidemiological and clinical profile of the 2024 pediatric pertussis outbreak: a retrospective analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Co-infection in unvaccinated infants with acute pertussis in Western China (2018-2019): pathogen distribution and impact on disease severity.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Risk signal assessment of Tdap vaccine use alone by pregnant women: An updated pharmacoepidemiological study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- iGATE analysis improves the interpretability of single-cell immune landscape of influenza infection.JCI insight · 2024Article
- The emergence of a suburban penalty during the 1918/19 influenza pandemic in Malta: The role of a marketplace, railway, and measles.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Cytokine expression patterns in hospitalized children with Bordetella pertussis, Rhinovirus or co-infection.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- [Complications of pertussis].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2019Review
- Influenza A Virus as a Predisposing Factor for Cryptococcosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Article
- Direct IL-6 Signals Maximize Protective Secondary CD4 T Cell Responses against Influenza.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
- High prevalence of Bordetella pertussis in children under 5 years old hospitalized with acute respiratory infections in Lima, Peru.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Article
- [Clinical, laboratorial and radiographic predictors of Bordetella pertussis infection].Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo · 2014Article
- Secondary bacterial infections in influenza virus infection pathogenesis.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2014Review
- Article
- Bacterial lipopolysaccharide inhibits influenza virus infection of human macrophages and the consequent induction of CD8+ T cell immunity.Journal of innate immunity · 2014Article
- Respiratory tract infections during the 2011 Mycoplasma pneumoniae epidemic.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2013Article
- Lactobacillus priming of the respiratory tract: Heterologous immunity and protection against lethal pneumovirus infection.Antiviral research · 2013Article
- Kinetics of coinfection with influenza A virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.PLoS pathogens · 2013Article
- The role of natural killer cells in pulmonary immunosurveillance.Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition) · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pertussis (whooping cough) is frequently complicated by concomitant infections with respiratory viruses. Here we report the effect of Bordetella pertussis infection on subsequent influenza virus (PR8) infection in mouse models and the role of pertussis toxin (PT) in this effect. BALB/c mice infected with a wild-type strain of B. pertussis (WT) and subsequently (up to 14 days later) infected with PR8 had significantly increased pulmonary viral titers, lung pathology and mortality compared to mice similarly infected with a PT-deficient mutant strain (ΔPT) and PR8. Substitution of WT infection by intranasal treatment with purified active PT was sufficient to replicate the exacerbating effects on PR8 infection in BALB/c and C57/BL6 mice, but the effects of PT were lost when toxin was administered 24 h after virus inoculation. PT had no effect on virus titers in primary cultures of murine tracheal epithelial cells (mTECs) in vitro, suggesting the toxin targets an early immune response to increase viral titers in the mouse model. However, type I interferon responses were not affected by PT. Whole genome microarray analysis of gene expression in lung tissue from PT-treated and control PR8-infected mice at 12 and 36 h post-virus inoculation revealed that PT treatment suppressed numerous genes associated with communication between innate and adaptive immune responses. In mice depleted of alveolar macrophages, increase of pulmonary viral titers by PT treatment was lost. PT also suppressed levels of IL-1β, IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-6, KC, MCP-1 and TNF-α in the airways after PR8 infection. Furthermore PT treatment inhibited early recruitment of neutrophils and NK cells to the airways. Together these findings demonstrate that infection with B. pertussis through PT activity predisposes the host to exacerbated influenza infection by countering protective innate immune responses that control virus titers.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.