ArticlePLoS pathogens2011
Respiratory syncytial virus interferon antagonist NS1 protein suppresses and skews the human T lymphocyte response.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.
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Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epitope-specific airway-resident CD4+ T cell dynamics during experimental human RSV infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Trial
- Effectiveness of Maternal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination in Conferring Infant Immunity: Review and Future Perspectives.Vaccines · 2026Review
- A systems immunology approach reveals divergent immune profiles of RSV and SARS-CoV-2 infections in infants.Science translational medicine · 2026Article
- Rational design 2.0: transitioning from static structural biology to computational prioritization and iterative vaccine optimization for RSV.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 Inhibits Production of Cytokines and Chemokines by Differentiated Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Cultured at Air-Liquid Interface.Journal of innate immunity · 2026Article
- RSV vaccine development: advances and fusion protein-focused strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- When defense backfires: inflammatory determinants of RSV-induced disease severity.Future virology · 2026Article
- Review
- RSV: an overview of infection in adults.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2025Review
- Advances in development of antiviral strategies against respiratory syncytial virus.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Pathogenicity and virulence of human respiratory syncytial virus: Multifunctional nonstructural proteins NS1 and NS2.Virulence · 2024Review
- Interactions Between Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Cattle: Aspects of Pathogenesis and Immunity.Viruses · 2024Review
- Reshaping Our Knowledge: Advancements in Understanding the Immune Response to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Baicalin Induces a Potent Innate Immune Response to Inhibit Respiratory Syncytial Virus ReplicationFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Article
- Dynamical Differences in Respiratory Syncytial Virus.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2021Article
- Flavivirus Persistence in Wildlife Populations.Viruses · 2021Review
- Nuclear-localized human respiratory syncytial virus NS1 protein modulates host gene transcription.Cell reports · 2021Article
- Structural basis for IFN antagonism by human respiratory syncytial virus nonstructural protein 2.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Respiratory syncytial virus: from pathogenesis to potential therapeutic strategies.International journal of biological sciences · 2021Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) NS1 protein, an antagonist of host type I interferon (IFN-I) production and signaling, has a suppressive effect on the maturation of human dendritic cells (DC) that was only partly dependent on released IFN-I. Here we investigated whether NS1 affects the ability of DC to activate CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Human DC were infected with RSV deletion mutants lacking the NS1 and/or NS2 genes and assayed for the ability to activate autologous T cells in vitro, which were analyzed by multi-color flow cytometry. Deletion of the NS1, but not NS2, protein resulted in three major effects: (i) an increased activation and proliferation of CD8+ T cells that express CD103, a tissue homing integrin that directs CD8+ T cells to mucosal epithelial cells of the respiratory tract and triggers cytolytic activity; (ii) an increased activation and proliferation of Th17 cells, which have recently been shown to have anti-viral effects and also indirectly attract neutrophils; and (iii) decreased activation of IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells--which are associated with enhanced RSV disease--and reduced proliferation of total CD4+ T cells. Except for total CD4+ T cell proliferation, none of the T cell effects appeared to be due to increased IFN-I signaling. In the infected DC, deletion of the NS1 and NS2 genes strongly up-regulated the expression of cytokines and other molecules involved in DC maturation. This was partly IFN-I-independent, and thus might account for the T cell effects. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the NS1 protein suppresses proliferation and activation of two of the protective cell populations (CD103+ CD8+ T cells and Th17 cells), and promotes proliferation and activation of Th2 cells that can enhance RSV disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.