ArticleGenes & nutrition2012
Palm tocotrienols decrease levels of pro-angiogenic markers in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and murine mammary cancer cells.
Article in Genes & nutrition, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- A new formulation of Gamma Delta Tocotrienol has superior bioavailability compared to existing Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction in healthy human subjects.Scientific reports · 2015Trial
- Future Perspectives: Mass Spectrometry for Spatial Localisation of Anti-Angiogenic Oil Palm Compounds.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Molecular Insights in the Anticancer Activity of Natural Tocotrienols: Targeting Mitochondrial Metabolism and Cellular Redox Homeostasis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Tocotrienol-rich fraction reduces retinal inflammation and angiogenesis in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2023Article
- Role of vitamins A, C, D, E in cancer prevention and therapy: therapeutic potentials and mechanisms of action.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Preventative and therapeutic potential of tocotrienols on musculoskeletal diseases in ageing.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Evaluating Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Effects ofNutrients · 2021Article
- Peripancreatic Adipose Tissue Remodeling and Inflammation during High Fat Intake of Palm Oils or Lard in Rats.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Vitamin E and cancer: an update on the emerging role of γ and δ tocotrienols.European journal of nutrition · 2020Review
- Bioactive Compounds: Natural Defense Against Cancer?Biomolecules · 2019Review
- Ankle loading ameliorates bone loss from breast cancer-associated bone metastasis.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2019Article
- Utilization of Vitamin E Analogs to Protect Normal Tissues While Enhancing Antitumor Effects.Seminars in radiation oncology · 2019Review
- Comparison between tocotrienol and omeprazole on gastric growth factors in stress-exposed rats.World journal of gastroenterology · 2017Article
- Biological Properties of Tocotrienols: Evidence in Human Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Review
- Delta- and gamma-tocotrienol isomers are potent in inhibiting inflammation and endothelial activation in stimulated human endothelial cells.Food & nutrition research · 2016Article
- Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) suppresses the growth of human colon cancer xenografts in Balb/C nude mice by the Wnt pathway.PloS one · 2015Article
- Research advancements in palm oil nutrition.European journal of lipid science and technology : EJLST · 2014Article
- Article
- Bioavailability of tocotrienols: evidence in human studies.Nutrition & metabolism · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic therapy is widely being used to halt tumour angiogenesis. In this study, the anti-angiogenic activity of palm tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) and its individual components (γ- and δ-tocotrienol) were first investigated in vitro in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and 4T1 mouse mammary cancer cells. Results showed reduced levels of Interkeukin (IL)-8 and IL-6, two pro-angiogenic cytokines in HUVEC treated with palm tocotrienols compared with α-tocopherol (α-T) and control cells (P < 0.05). The production of IL-8 and IL-6 was lowest in δ-tocotrienol (δ-T3)-treated cells followed by γ-tocotrienol (γ-T3) and TRF. There was significant (P < 0.05) reduction in IL-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in 4T1 cells treated with TRF or δ-T3. There was decreased expression of VEGF and its receptors; VEGF-R1 (fms-like tyrosine kinase, Flt-1) and VEGF-R2 (Kinase-insert-domain-containing receptor, KDR/Flk-2) in tumour tissues excised from mice supplemented with TRF were observed. There was also decreased expression of VEGF-R2 in lung tissues of mice supplemented with TRF. These observations correlate with the smaller tumour size recorded in the tocotrienol-treated mice. This study confirms previous observations that palm tocotrienols exhibit anti-angiogenic properties that may inhibit tumour progression.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.