Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21525504›Full record

SynthesisDiabetes care2011

Diabetic retinopathy predicts all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in both type 1 and 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of observational studies.

Caroline K Kramer, Ticiana C Rodrigues, Luis H Canani, Jorge L Gross, Mirela J Azevedo

Open access · hybridAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Diabetes care, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 112 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
112citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
10.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

112 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 240 citations in OpenAlex.

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  7. Diet and risk of diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review.European journal of epidemiology · 2018
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  15. Cohort Profile: The North East London Diabetes Study (NELDS).International journal of epidemiology · 2026
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52 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Caroline K KramerDivision of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do RioGrande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. carolinekkramer@gmail.com
Ticiana C Rodrigues
Luis H Canani
Jorge L Gross
Mirela J Azevedo
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul · BRHospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre · BR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe prognostic significance of diabetic retinopathy (DR) for death and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes is debated. We investigated the association of DR with all-cause mortality and CV events in patients with diabetes by a systematic review and meta-analysis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsThe electronic databases Medline and Embase were searched for cohort studies that evaluated DR in type 2 or type 1 diabetic patients and reported total mortality and/or fatal and nonfatal CV events, including myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, coronary artery bypass graft, ischemic changes on a conventional 12-lead electrocardiogram, transient ischemic attack, nonfatal stroke, or lower leg amputation. Data extraction was performed by two reviewers independently. Pooled effect estimates were obtained by using random-effects meta-analysis.

resultsThe analysis included 20 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, providing data from 19,234 patients. In patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 14,896), the presence of any degree of DR increased the chance for all-cause mortality and/or CV events by 2.34 (95% CI 1.96-2.80) compared with patients without DR. In patients with type 1 diabetes (n = 4,438), the corresponding odds ratio was 4.10 (1.50-11.18). These associations remained after adjusting for traditional CV risk factors. DR was also predictive of all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 2.41 [1.87-3.10]) and type 1 diabetes (3.65 [1.05-12.66]).

conclusionsThe presence of DR was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and CV events in both type 2 and type 1 diabetic patients.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic RetinopathyHumans

Identifiers

PMID21525504
PMCPMC3114518
OpenAlexW2159389777

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.