ReviewCurrent pharmaceutical design2011
PACAP is implicated in the stress axes.
Review in Current pharmaceutical design, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of an intrusive-hypervigilant phenotype of posttraumatic stress symptoms with unique stress peptide and amygdala functional connectivity profiles.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) promotes regeneration of corneal epithelial cells possibly via the NR4A1 signaling pathway.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Sex-specific increased reactivity of the PVT and prolonged PVT→CeA circuit engagement following psilocin administration.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Activity of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Neurons in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis Reduces Anxiety-Potentiated Startle in Female Rats in an Estrous Phase-Dependent Manner.Biological psychiatry · 2026Article
- Rapid and long-lasting antidepressant-like effects of the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor antagonist PA-915 in chronic stress mouse models.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Mode-dependent effects of chemical, intermittent, and hypobaric hypoxia on HIF-1α, HIF-2α, HIF-3α, PACAP, and PAI mRNA expression in the single prolonged stress model of PTSD.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Chemogenetic modulation of PAC1-expressing neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) alters anxiety-related behaviors in male mice.Behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- PACAP Signalling Network in the Nucleus Accumbens Core Regulates Reinstatement Behaviour in Rat.Addiction biology · 2025Article
- Associations between PACAP levels and psychophysiological indicators of fear and arousal in adults with posttraumatic stress symptoms.Journal of mood and anxiety disorders · 2025Article
- Circulating PACAP levels are associated with altered imaging measures of entorhinal cortex neurite density in posttraumatic stress disorder.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2024Article
- Alterations in pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and comorbid depression in Alzheimer's disease in the human hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex.Psychological medicine · 2023Article
- The functional heterogeneity of PACAP: Stress, learning, and pathology.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2023Review
- Circulating PACAP levels are associated with increased amygdala-default mode network resting-state connectivity in posttraumatic stress disorder.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Parabrachial-to-parasubthalamic nucleus pathway mediates fear-induced suppression of feeding in male mice.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Review
- Epigenetic and Neuronal Activity Markers Suggest the Recruitment of the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus in the Three-Hit Model of Depression in Male PACAP Heterozygous Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- PACAP-expressing neurons in the lateral habenula diminish negative emotional valence.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2022Article
- The main effect and gene-environment interaction effect of theFrontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Fluoxetine treatment supports predictive validity of the three hit model of depression in male PACAP heterozygous mice and underpins the impact of early life adversity on therapeutic efficacy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Consideration of sex as a biological variable in the translation of pharmacotherapy for stress-associated drug seeking.Neurobiology of stress · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a highly conserved pleiotropic neuropeptide that functions as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator and neurotrophic factor. Accumulating evidence implicates PACAP as an important regulator of both central and/or peripheral components of the stress axes, particularly exposure to prolonged or traumatic stress. Indeed, PACAP and its cognate receptors are widely expressed in the brain regions and peripheral tissues that mediate stress-related responses. In the sympathoadrenomedullary system, PACAP is required for sustained epinephrine secretion during metabolic stress. It is likely that PACAP regulates autonomic function and contributes to peripheral homeostasis by maintaining a balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, favoring stimulation of the sympathetic system. Furthermore, PACAP is thought to act centrally on the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus to regulate both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. Intriguingly, PACAP is also active in brain structures that mediate anxiety- and fear-related behaviors, and the expression of PACAP and its receptors are dynamically altered under pathologic conditions. Thus PACAP may influence both hard-wired (genetically determined) stress responses and gene-environment interactions in stress-related psychopathology. This article aims to overview the molecular mechanisms and psychiatric implications of PACAP-dependent stress responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.