ArticleInternational journal of clinical pharmacy2011
Predictors of the community pharmacy white-coat effect in treated hypertensive patients. The MEPAFAR study.
Article in International journal of clinical pharmacy, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Doctors record higher blood pressures than nurses: systematic review and meta-analysis.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2014Pooled it
- Measurement of Blood Pressure in Humans: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2019Review
- Prevalence and determinants of white coat effect in a large UK hypertension clinic population.Journal of human hypertension · 2016Article
- Ambulatory blood pressure measurement in the main cities of Cameroon: prevalence of masked and white coat hypertension, and influence of body mass index.The Pan African medical journal · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine whether age, gender, body mass index (BMI), community pharmacy blood pressure (CPBP), daytime ambulatory BP (ABP) variability, treatment compliance, number of anti-hypertensive drugs and smoking status are factors associated with the community pharmacy white-coat effect (CPWCE) in treated hypertensive patients.
settingEight community pharmacies in Gran Canaria, Spain.
methodA cross-sectional study was carried out from June 2008 to June 2009. The study included treated hypertensive patients older than 18 years. Patients were excluded if: systolic BP (SBP)/diastolic BP (DBP) ≥ 200/110 mmHg, not-recommended or unable to perform home BP measurements, changes in anti-hypertensive treatment <4 weeks, history of cardiovascular disease <6 months or pregnancy. Blood pressure (BP) was measured by a community pharmacist at 4 visits to the community pharmacy and using ABP monitoring (24 h).
main outcome measureThe CPWCE was calculated as the difference between the mean BP in the community pharmacy and daytime ABP. Independent predictors of the CPWCE were identified using multivariate linear regression analysis.
resultsTwo hundred thirteen patients agreed to participate in the study. After exclusion and withdrawal, 169 patients were included in the analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis for systolic CPWCE revealed only community pharmacy SBP as an independent factor (β = 0.35; P < 0.001). The regression analysis for diastolic CPWCE revealed female gender (β = 4.88; P < 0.001), BMI (β = 0.48; P < 0.001) and community pharmacy DBP (β = 0.24; P < 0.001) as independent determinants.
conclusionIn this sample of treated hypertensive patients, factors such as gender, community pharmacy DBP and BMI were positively associated and may exert an important influence on the magnitude of the diastolic CPWCE. On the other hand, the CPWCE on SBP increased as the community pharmacy SBP increased.
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