ArticleThe American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry2011
Ethnoracial differences in the clinical characteristics of Alzheimer's disease at initial presentation at an urban Alzheimer's disease center.
Article in The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recruitment, retention and reporting of variables related to ethnic diversity in randomised controlled trials: an umbrella review.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Access to Health Services in Older Minority Ethnic Groups with Dementia: A Systematic Review.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2021Pooled it
- Circulating mitochondrial DNA: New indices of type 2 diabetes-related cognitive impairment in Mexican Americans.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Race modifies the relationship between cognition and Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2017Trial
- Effectiveness of a fotonovela for reducing depression and stress in Latino dementia family caregivers.Alzheimer disease and associated disordersTrial
- Partnering with Latino communities for dementia research: a mixed-methods study of engagement.Research involvement and engagement · 2026Article
- Exploring the unmet needs of Latino dementia caregivers: a qualitative study.The Gerontologist · 2025Article
- Ethnic Differences in Dementia Diagnosis and Treatment in Israel.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Ethnic disparities in patients with early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD).Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Pathways to personalized medicine-Embracing heterogeneity for progress in clinical therapeutics research in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Review
- Assessment of disparities in timely diagnosis and comprehensive workup of cognitive impairment between English and Spanish speakers.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2024Article
- Associations of Everyday and Lifetime Experiences of Discrimination With Willingness to Undergo Alzheimer Disease Predictive Testing.Neurology · 2024Article
- Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related dementias in Hispanics: Identifying influential factors and supporting caregivers.Ageing research reviews · 2024Review
- The neuropathological landscape of Hispanic and non-Hispanic White decedents with Alzheimer disease.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2023Article
- "At least we finally found out what it was": Dementia diagnosis in minoritized populations.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2023Article
- Similarities and differences in Alzheimer's dementia comorbidities in racialized populations identified from electronic medical records.Communications medicine · 2023Article
- Impact of diagnosed (vs undiagnosed) dementia on family caregiving experiences.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2023Article
- TDP-43 Pathology in the Setting of Intermediate and High Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathologic Changes: A Preliminary Evaluation Across Ethnoracial Groups.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Article
- Racial/ethnic disparities in initiation and persistent use of anti-dementia medications.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2022Article
- Exploring community knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of Alzheimer's Disease/Alzheimer's Disease-Related Dementias and healthy ageing in Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders.Health & social care in the community · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo compare presentation of Alzheimer disease (AD) at the time of initial evaluation at a university specialty clinic across three ethnoracial groups in order to understand similarities and differences in the demographic, clinical, cognitive, psychiatric, and biologic features.
designCross-sectional study.
participantsA total of 1,341 self-identified African American, Latino (primarily of Caribbean origin), and white non-Hispanic ("WNH") subjects were recruited from primary care sites or by referral by primary care physicians. MEASUREMENTS: Demographic variables and age of onset of AD, as well as cognitive, functional, and mood impairments at the time of initial presentation and frequencies of apolipoprotein E genotypes, were compared across groups.
resultsDifferences among ethnoracial groups were found for nearly all variables of interest. In particular, the largely immigrant Puerto Rican Latino group had an earlier age of onset of AD, more cognitive impairment, and greater severity of cognitive impairment at the time of initial evaluation in the setting of low average education and socioeconomic status. There was more depression in the Latinos compared with African Americans and WNHs. Greater severity of symptoms was not accounted for by a difference in lag time between onset of symptoms and initial evaluation. The apolipoprotein E-4 genotype was not associated with AD in the Latino cohort.
conclusionsMinority groups in Philadelphia, especially Latinos, exhibit a more severe profile of AD at the time of presentation than WNHs. Important potential confounds need to be considered and future research comparing immigrant and nonimmigrant Latino groups will be necessary to elucidate the highly significant differences reported.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.