ArticlePhotochemistry and photobiology
Photodynamic therapy with Pc 4 induces apoptosis of Candida albicans.
Article in Photochemistry and photobiology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and impact of hypocrellin B-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against biofilms of Candida albicans.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Article
- Comparison of PDT using a 660 nm laser and methylene blue vs. an 810 nm laser and indocyanine green on different Candida species - in vitro.Lasers in medical science · 2026Article
- Proteomic and metabolomic profiling reveals the fungicidal mechanisms ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Review
- Application of Photodynamic Therapy in Pediatric Dentistry: Literature Review.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Nanoparticle-Based Photodynamic Inhibition ofACS omega · 2023Article
- Riboflavin as a promising antimicrobial agent? A multi-perspective review.Current research in microbial sciences · 2022Review
- Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for biofilm treatments. Possible synergy between aPDT and pulsed electric fields.Virulence · 2021Review
- Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: Latest Developments with a Focus on Combinatory Strategies.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Photosensitizers Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation against Fungi.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Curcumin-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles in a Murine Model of Oral Candidiasis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Application of 460 nm visible light for the elimination of Candida albicans in vitro and in vivo.Molecular medicine reports · 2018Article
- Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) using toluidine blue inhibits both growth and biofilm formation by Candida krusei.Lasers in medical science · 2018Article
- Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy to Control Clinically Relevant Biofilm Infections.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
- Influence of sucrose on growth and sensitivity of Candida albicans alone and in combination with Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans to photodynamic therapy.Lasers in medical science · 2017Article
- Evaluation of the Effects of Photodynamic Therapy Alone and Combined with Standard Antifungal Therapy on Planktonic Cells and Biofilms of Fusarium spp. and Exophiala spp.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
- Evaluation of gene expression SAP5, LIP9, and PLB2 of Candida albicans biofilms after photodynamic inactivation.Lasers in medical science · 2015Article
- The photodynamic antibacterial effects of silicon phthalocyanine (Pc) 4.International journal of molecular sciences · 2015Article
- Article
- Silicon phthalocyanine 4 phototoxicity in Trichophyton rubrum.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The high prevalence of drug resistance necessitates the development of novel antifungal agents against infections caused by opportunistic fungal pathogens, such as Candida albicans. Elucidation of apoptosis in yeast-like fungi may provide a basis for future therapies. In mammalian cells, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been demonstrated to generate reactive oxygen species, leading to immediate oxidative modifications of biological molecules and resulting in apoptotic cell death. In this report, we assess the in vitro cytotoxicity and mechanism of PDT, using the photosensitizer Pc 4, in planktonic C. albicans. Confocal image analysis confirmed that Pc 4 localizes to cytosolic organelles, including mitochondria. A colony formation assay showed that 1.0 μM Pc 4 followed by light at 2.0 J cm(-2) reduced cell survival by 4 logs. XTT (2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide) assay revealed that Pc 4-PDT impaired fungal metabolic activity, which was confirmed using the FUN-1 (2-chloro-4-[2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-(benzo-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-methylidene]-1-phenylquinolinium iodide) fluorescence probe. Furthermore, we observed changes in nuclear morphology characteristic of apoptosis, which were substantiated by increased externalization of phosphatidylserine and DNA fragmentation following Pc 4-PDT. These data indicate that Pc 4-PDT can induce apoptosis in C. albicans. Therefore, a better understanding of the process will be helpful, as PDT may become a useful treatment option for candidiasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.