ArticleDocumenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology2011
Effects of common anesthetics on eye movement and electroretinogram.
Article in Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed.
- Continuous flash suppression responses in mouse visual cortex: Stimulus laterality and anesthesia effects.iScience · 2026Article
- Resting-state electroretinography reveals pathological retinal oscillations in retinitis pigmentosa mice and patients.Nature communications · 2026Article
- prominin-1-null Xenopus laevis develop subretinal drusenoid-like deposits, cone-rod dystrophy and RPE atrophy.Journal of cell science · 2024Article
- Touchless short-wave infrared imaging for dynamic rapid pupillometry and gaze estimation in closed eyes.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- Connexin 50 Influences the Physiological Optics of the In Vivo Mouse Lens.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Light-evoked deformations in rod photoreceptors, pigment epithelium and subretinal space revealed by prolonged and multilayered optoretinography.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Prominin-1 null Xenopus laevis develop subretinal drusenoid-like deposits, cone-rod dystrophy, and RPE atrophy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Improved MRI methods to quantify retinal and choroidal blood flow applied to a model of glaucoma.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Extensive topographic remapping and functional sharpening in the adult rat visual pathway upon first visual experience.PLoS biology · 2023Article
- High-resolution structural and functional retinal imaging in the awake behaving mouse.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Age-Dependent Changes in the Water Content and Optical Power of the In Vivo Mouse Lens Revealed by Multi-Parametric MRI and Optical Modeling.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Evaluating the effects of rifampin in the prevention of neurogenic symptoms and cardiac arrhythmias caused by the systemic toxicity of lidocaine in rats.Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2023Article
- Preventable risk factors for type 2 diabetes can be detected using noninvasive spontaneous electroretinogram signals.PloS one · 2023Article
- Assessment of outer retinal thickness and function in mice after experimental optic nerve trauma.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Experimentally induced myopia and myopic astigmatism alter retinal electrophysiology in chickens.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Verification EVestG recordings are vestibuloacoustic signals.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2022Article
- Comparisons of α2-Adrenergic Agents, Medetomidine and Xylazine, with Pentobarbital for Anesthesia: Important Pitfalls in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Rats.Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · 2022Article
- Volumetric data analysis enabled spatially resolved optoretinogram to measure the functional signals in the living retina.Journal of biophotonics · 2022Article
- Systemic epigallocatechin gallate protects against retinal degeneration and hepatic oxidative stress in the P23H-1 rat.Neural regeneration research · 2022Article
- Repeated measurements of ERGs and VEPs using chloral hydrate sedation and propofol anesthesia in young children.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2021Article
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7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides non-invasive images of retinal anatomy, physiology, and function with depth-resolved laminar resolution. Eye movement and drift, however, could limit high spatial resolution imaging, and anesthetics that minimize eye movement could significantly attenuate retinal function. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal anesthetic preparations to minimize eye movement and maximize visual-evoked retinal response in rats. Eye movements were examined by imaging of the cornea with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera under isoflurane, urethane, ketamine/xylazine, and propofol anesthesia at typical dosages in rats. Combination of the paralytic pancuronium bromide with isoflurane or ketamine/xylazine anesthesia was also examined for the eye movement studies. Visual-evoked retinal responses were evaluated using full-field electroretinography (ERG) under isoflurane, ketamine/xylazine, urethane, and ketamine/xylazine + pancuronium anesthesia in rats. The degree of eye movement, measured as displacement per unit time, was the smallest under 1% isoflurane + pancuronium anesthesia. The ketamine/xylazine groups showed larger dark-adapted ERG a- and b-waves than other anesthetics tested. The isoflurane group showed the shortest b-wave implicit times. Photopic ERGs in the ketamine/xylazine groups showed the largest b-waves with the isoflurane group showing slightly shorter implicit times at the higher flash intensities. Oscillatory potentials revealed an early peak in the isoflurane group compared with ketamine/xylazine and urethane groups. Pancuronium did not affect the a- and b-wave, but did increase oscillatory potential amplitudes. Compared with the other anesthetics tested here, ketamine/xylazine + pancuronium was the best combination to minimize eye movement and maximize retinal function. These findings should set the stage for further development and application of high-resolution functional imaging techniques, such as MRI, to study retinal anatomy, physiology, and function in anesthetized rats.
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