Trial reportCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2011
Phase I/II study of adoptive transfer of γδ T cells in combination with zoledronic acid and IL-2 to patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.
Trial report in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 190 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Intraperitoneal injection of in vitro expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T cells together with zoledronate for the treatment of malignant ascites due to gastric cancer.Cancer medicine · 2014Trial
- γδ T cells and cancer.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Unconventional T cells in urological cancers: catch them if you can.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Viscoelastic Niches Shape γδ T-Cell Phenotype and Effector Function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Selective Enrichment of Non-Canonical Vγ9-Jγ2 TRG Clonotypes in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma With Shorter CDR3 Loops.Immune network · 2026Article
- Harnessing the potential of γδ T cells through engineering and combination treatment for cancer therapies.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Advances in T cell-based immunotherapy for osteosarcoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- The landscape of CAR-engineered innate immune cells for cancer immunotherapy.Nature cancer · 2025Review
- Gamma delta T cells and their immunotherapeutic potential in cancer.Biomarker research · 2025Review
- Review
- Two Are Better than One: The Bi-Specific Antibody Mosunetuzumab Reveals an Improved Immune Response of Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells Targeting CD20 in Malignant B Cells in Comparison to the Mono-Specific Antibody Obinutuzumab.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Trained autologous cytotoxic T-cells derived from PBMCs or splenocytes for immunotherapy of neuroblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- FromFrontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- From innate-like to innate: the next wave of off-the-shelf CAR immunotherapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- γδ T cells in hematological malignancies: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Blood science (Baltimore, Md.) · 2025Review
- γδ T cells as critical anti-tumor immune effectors.Nature cancer · 2024Review
- Emerging Innate Immune Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy: Promises and Challenges.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2024Review
- Vδ2 T-cell engagers bivalent for Vδ2-TCR binding provide anti-tumor immunity and support robust Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell expansion.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human Vγ2 Vδ2-bearing T cells have recently received much attention in cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we conducted a phase I/II clinical trial of the adoptive transfer of γδ T cells to patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Eleven patients who had undergone nephrectomy and had lung metastasis were enrolled. Peripheral blood γδ T cells obtained from the patients were stimulated ex vivo with 2-methyl-3-butenyl-1-pyrophosphate (2M3B1PP), a synthetic pyrophosphomonoester antigen, and transferred in combination with zoledronic acid (Zol) and teceleukin (recombinant human interleukin-2). Expanded γδ T cells exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against tumor cells in vitro, and the proportion of peripheral blood γδ T cells among CD3(+) cells typically peaked three to 5 days after transfer. Tumor doubling time was prolonged in all 11 patients, and the best overall responses were 1 CR, 5 SD, and 5 PD, as defined based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Although ten patients developed adverse reactions of grade ≥3, they were likely to have been the result of the concomitant infusion of Zol and IL-2, and most symptoms swiftly reverted to normal during the course of treatment. In conclusion, this clinical trial demonstrated that our regimen for the adoptive transfer of γδ T cells in combination with Zol and IL-2 was well tolerated and that objective clinical responses could be achieved in some patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.