SynthesisBlood2011
Individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized trials evaluating IL-2 monotherapy as remission maintenance therapy in acute myeloid leukemia.
Synthesis in Blood, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of chemokines and interleukins in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a systematic review.Journal of applied biomedicine · 2024Pooled it
- Interleukin-2 as maintenance therapy for children and adults with acute myeloid leukaemia in first complete remission.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Management of adverse events in patients with acute myeloid leukemia in remission receiving oral azacitidine: experience from the phase 3 randomized QUAZAR AML-001 trial.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Remission maintenance in acute myeloid leukemia: impact of functional histamine H2 receptors expressed by leukemic cells.Haematologica · 2012Trial
- Histamine dihydrochloride and low-dose interleukin-2 in an emerging landscape of relapse prevention in acute myeloid leukemia.Therapeutic advances in hematology · 2025Review
- Treg-targeted IL-2/anti-IL-2 complex controls graft-Haematologica · 2024Article
- Maintenance therapy in acute myeloid leukemia: advances and controversies.Haematologica · 2023Review
- A retrospective study on effectiveness of combined recombinant human interferon-α-1b, interleukin-2, and thalidomide for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in various disease states.Annals of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation followed by interleukin-2 for adult acute myeloid leukemia patients with favorable or intermediate risk after complete remission.Annals of hematology · 2022Article
- Histamine H4 Receptor Agonism Induces Antitumor Effects in Human T-Cell Lymphoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Review
- Histamine receptors and cancer pharmacology: an update.British journal of pharmacology · 2020Review
- Maintenance Therapy in AML.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Review
- Mechanisms of Leukemia Immune Evasion and Their Role in Relapse After Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Regulation of murine NK cell exhaustion through the activation of the DNA damage repair pathway.JCI insight · 2019Article
- Pathophysiological Role of Histamine H4 Receptor in Cancer: Therapeutic Implications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Article
- Maintenance Therapy With Interleukin-2 for Childhood AML: Results of ELAM02 Phase III Randomized Trial.HemaSphere · 2018Article
- Anti-Leukemic Properties of Histamine in Monocytic Leukemia: The Role of NOX2.Frontiers in oncology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 12 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
IL-2 is a natural, T cell-derived cytokine that stimulates the cytotoxic functions of T and natural killer cells. IL-2 monotherapy has been evaluated in several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for remission maintenance in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR1), and none demonstrated a significant benefit of IL-2 monotherapy. The objective of this meta-analysis was to reliably determine IL-2 efficacy by combining all available individual patient data (IPD) from 5 RCTs (N = 905) and summary data from a sixth RCT (N = 550). Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox regression models stratified by trial, with HR < 1 indicating treatment benefit. Combined IPD showed no benefit of IL-2 over no treatment in terms of leukemia-free survival (HR = 0.97; P = .74) or overall survival (HR = 1.08; P = .39). Analyses including the sixth RCT yielded qualitatively identical results (leukemia-free survival HR = 0.96, P = .52; overall survival HR = 1.06; P = .46). No significant heterogeneity was found between the trials. Prespecified subset analyses showed no interaction between the lack of IL-2 effect and any factor, including age, sex, baseline performance status, karyotype, AML subtype, and time from achievement of CR1 to initiation of maintenance therapy. We conclude that IL-2 alone is not an effective remission maintenance therapy for AML patients in CR1.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.